Costume includes blood and minimal face makeup, nightdress and overcoat- vulnerable, pray, weak, young and naieve, black overcoat signifies mourning- her mother- sadness that shrouds her, angelicness of black

Blue lighting sets a sombre mood- moonlight creates fear for the currently unknown girl, cold atmosphere, used to indicate fantasy/ ethereal, always an element of blue when meeting pan, blue connotes calmness of the trouble of her life finally dissipating

Slow zoom and tilt (rotating) movements and from a mid-shot to a close up, zooms into her eye then zooms out in a magical place- is this all in her imagination?

Camera is positioned low to reach eye level at the end of the scene

Unnatural sweeping movement- not achievable by a person- we are a voyeur imposing on a desperately sad scene, forcing a connection even though the audience may not want to (dead body), We go to that place through portals that we are forced through

Rewind- signifies going back in time and her coming back to life to tell her story

Editing by titles that give context of war being over but conflict continuing

Sound of humming lullabies, usually soothing and gentle for children

Invisible editing - blurs the line between fantasy and reality, binary opposition

Camera positioning - Ofelia gradually crawls through the tree; she pauses and turns to slowly reveal the frog behind her, is she materialising things?

Zooms from down the tunnel to show how far she must travel

Added foley scene, makes it more scary, builds anticipation and violence

The fig tree is shot from such an angle that it is clearly shaped like a uterus with the branches being the Fallopian tubes. The use of this imagery makes the destruction of the huge toad who lives inside the tree more important to the over all story. The toad represents her unborn brother that is making her mother sick as the toad is doing to the tree. The killing of this toad by Ofelia represents her wish to remove her unborn brother from the equation and to make her mother better again. The interior of the tree is mostly yellow and seems to be sick as an effect of this.

When Ofelia enters the tree there are several particles of dust that appear in the air around her. this gives the new route taken by Ofelia a sense of mysticism and makes the whole area feel unreal. This is foreshadowing the appearance of the magic toad that lives in the tree.

Ofelia wears a dress in this scene when she goes into the woods. The dress is reminiscent of the outfit worn by Alice from Alice in Wonderland. this link to fairy tales is one of a number scattered throughout the film. We also soon see Ofelia crawl down a large hole next to a tree in the hopes that it will lead her to a magical world. The dress Ofelia wears was created for her by her mother. The fact that Ofelia is totally fine wearing this dress out into the woods shows us that she is not worried about damaging it despite the time that was put into it by her mother and this goes to us show a little bit more about the relationship between Ofelia and Carmen.

Each soldier rides out with Vidal in order to capture and kill the rebels on horseback. As the group is fairly large this shows us that the army is well funded and supplied. Horses cost a lot to maintain and if they can spare a fair few horses to go hunt down the rebels then they are clearly wealthy enough to have spare horses kicking around.

Leaving the fig tree, having defeated the toad, Ofelia re-enters the real world and is immediately swamped in a cold blue light. This sudden swap in the colour palette shows us two important things. Firstly we know straight away that she is back in the realm of the captain and his war. It also shows us the passage of time.