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Altered Hormonal & Metabolic Functions - Coggle Diagram
Altered Hormonal & Metabolic Functions
ADH Secretion
(controls fluid balance by regulating water reabsorption by the kidneys)
Diabetes Insipidus
large volume Ingestion of fluids, decreasing ADH levels
urine specific gravity of 1.005 or less
Manifestations
Polydispia (excessive thrist)
dehydration
Treatment: Fluid Intake (rehydrate)
Treatment: IV hydration
Polyuria (large urine output)
bladder enlargement
Treatment: DDAVP (antidiuretic)
inadequate kidney response to ADH
insufficient production of ADH causing Inability to concentrate or retain water
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
commonly caused by a tumor secreting ectopic ADH
Excessive production & secretion of ADH
Manifestation: Hypotonic hyponatremia
decreased urine volume
serum sodium less than 135 mEq/L
highly concentrated urine
Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, muscle cramps
Treatment:
Medications that block ADH effects
Isotonic/hypertonic saline IV (severe)
Water restriction
Thyroid Hormone Secretion (T3 & T4)
Hypothyroidism
deficient thyroid hormone
Diagnostic criteria
Thyroid autoantibodies
Antithyroglobulin test
TSH assay
Treatment
Thyroid hormone replacement
Caused by:
II. Destruction of thyroid gland
III. Impaired TSH or TRH secretion
I. Deficient thyroid hormone synthesis
Manifestations
weight gain
impaired memory & reproduction
cold Intolerance
goiter
Myxedema (swelling of skin)
Fatigue
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive stimulation of thyroid gland and secretion of thyroid hormone
excess production of TSH
Treatment
reduce TSH levels
gland destruction (radioactive Iodine)
medications that Inhibit TSH production
thyroidectomy
Graves Disease
Diagnostic criteria
physical exam
TSH level screening
igG antibodies bind to TSH receptor to stimulate excessive thyroid hormone secretion
Manifestations
Thyroid gland enlargement
goiter
Increased metabolic rate
weight loss
sweating
heat Intolerance
restlessness
irregular menstrual cycles
Cushing Syndrome
prolonged exposure to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
Caused by
Long term admin of corticosteroid medications
Pituitary gland tumor, stimulating excess ACTH production
Adrenal gland tumor, stimulating excess cortisol production
Ectopic production of ACTH or CRH from distant tumor
Manifestations
impaired stress response
obesity
glucose Intolerance
moon face
Excessive circulating glucose
Diagnostic criteria
24 hr urine collection (elevated cortisol excretion)
Treatment
removal or tumor
Corticosteroids
Addison Disease
ACTH deficiency
insufficient production of cortisol & aldosterone from adrenal cortex
Manifestations
dehydration
weight loss
hyperpigmentation
sparse axillary & pubic hair
Diagnostic
Hyponatremia & hyperkalemia (electrolyte levels)
Corticosteroid levels (depressed)
treatment
Isotonic IV fluid replacement
Life-long oral glucocorticoids & mineralcorticoids