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(Earth Materials and the Rock Cycle) - Coggle Diagram
Earth Materials and the Rock Cycle
Composition of Earth’s Crust
Continental crust
Mostly granite
Low density (2700 – 2800 kg/m³)
Mostly Si, Al, K, Na, and Ca
Oceanic crust
Mostly basalt
High density (2700 – 2800 kg/m³)
Mostly Si, Mg, Fe
Thickness of Crust
"Thickness of crust" definition
Buoyancy and Isostasy
Buoyancy
Less dense floats in denser
Earth’s lithosphere
Floats on denser layers beneath
Isostatic Adjustment
Isostatic (iso = "equal," static = "standstill")
Gravitational equilibrium between lithosphere and asthenosphere
Tectonic plates "float" based on thickness and density
Isostatic Rebound in Canada
Result of significant glaciation
Land rebounded as ice melted
The Rock Cycle
Continuous process
Formation, weathering, transformation
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Hydrologic cycle
and
Tectonic cycle
Minerals and Rocks
A rock is an assemblage of minerals or undifferentiated material
Three basic rock types
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous Processes
Solidify from molten state
Magma originates from the mantle
Cooling history determines texture
Intrusive vs. Extrusive
Sedimentary Processes – Clastic Rocks
Weathering
Erosion
Sediment production
Lithification
Clastic rocks (grain size determined by depositional energy)
Coarse, Medium, Fine
Other types of sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic Processes
Transformation of any rock
Changes due to pressure and/or temperature
Metamorphic rocks are resistant
Types of metamorphism
Regional
Contact