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C1.Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
C1.Chemistry
Atoms
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Contains the nucleus which has protons and neutrons in the centre surrounded by electrons orbiting the nucleus
Isotopes - variations of elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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History of the Atom
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Niels Bohr - Nuclear model of the atom, shells contain electrons
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Non metals
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Halogens - 7 electrons in their outershell reactivity decreases as you go down the group as does MP/BP. Fairly reactive group forms 1- ions.
Metals
Metals are usually sonorous, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity
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Group 1 - soft, reactive forms 1+ ions. Reactivity increases as you go down the group.
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Seperating Substances
Distilation
Seperating substances where the boiling points are very far apart - heat at a particular boiling point then one of the substances will travel up the condenser and condense and be collected as seperate mixture. Do this again with greater boiling points to condense of the other substances.
Fractional Distilation
Same as simple however the only difference is that they seperate substances that have close boiling points
Crystalisation
When you mix a solute into a solvent until its in excess and heat with a bunsen burner to form crystals. This is used with insoluble substances in a solvent.
Evaporation
Heating a solution which has a dissolved substance in it to the point of the solvents boiling point so that you are left with the dissolved substance