Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Changes in domestic industry 1625-88 - Coggle Diagram
Changes in domestic industry 1625-88
Growth of the domestic system
More specialised system, particularly within the cloth industry
Cloth produced quicker than ever before
Merchants would supply raw material to the homes of workers so that it could be made into yarn
The yarn, via the putting out system would then be handed on to the weavers to make it into cloth
Putting out system - raw materials given to an external business to make cloth (subcontracting work)
improved efficiency
E.g. coarse cloths would be made in Lancashire. while 'broadcloths' which would be sent to the continent were manufactured in the West Country
Value of exports rose from £600,000 in the 1560s to £1.5 million of textiles in London alone in the 1660s
Historian D.C. Coleman has estimated that the monetary value of textile exports multiplied 15-fold, far exceeding pop growth, between 1485 and 1714.
Not limited to London: Lancashire's rising cotton industry
massively benefits the merchant class
New Draperies
Rise of wool, linen, cotton and silk over cloth
Fuelled by Dutch immigration in East Anglia, with 1,500 Protestant Dutch immigrants had been settled in Colchester in 1565-68.
Also introduced the frame knitting machine, greatly reducing the time to produce cloth.
Further protestant immigration, now from France after the persecution of the Huguenots, bringing more skilled workers over.
New linens (worsted draperies) required a more intense process of weaving, thus requiring greater skill
This further promoted specialisation
Fustian was a string, twilled cloth that used a linen warp and a cotton weft, manufactured in Lancashire in the early 17th century, which was cheaper than linen to make. They were primarily produced later in Greater Manchester, using imported products, from Russia and even the easter Mediterranean for cotton.
This rose to a skilled workforce in the Manchester area, with a rising mercantile class.
Coal mining
The newly improved reverberatory furnace could smelt lead, copper and tin using coal
This greatly increased demand for coal, leading to increased mining in the traditional regions of the Tyne, the Wear and the Northumberland coast but also new mines in Wales and Cumberland
However it still remained a very limited industry in comparison to what would develop over the next century
There was very limited infrastructure in the north, making it difficult for coal to be transported across the country.
It was a largely private industry, driven by gentry capitalists such as Huntingdon Beaumont who invest personally into the industry.
The furnace was invented by Sir Clement Clerke, an English entrepreneur of great repute.
Specialised Goods
Silk-weaving
When French Protestants had to flee France due to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV, many moved to England and continued their trade.
London started to specialise, with the Spitalfields and Bethnal Green becoming key silk-weaving centres.
Glassblowing
With the new furnace, the glassblowing industry began to boom in the north of England.
Pottery making
Staffordshire began to specialise in pottery making with 'English Delftware', brought over by the Dutch but combined with the new furnace.
These specialised goods could be sold for larger amounts, thus contributing both to the economy and culture of the nation.