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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN - Coggle Diagram
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
The reign of Alfonso the XII
The Bourbon Restoration
They returned to the Spanish throne
Alfonso the XII crowned king
End of the First Republic
Constitution of 1876
Suffrage
Not regulated by the constitution
Censitary suffrage
Universal manhood suffrage
Rights and freedoms
Many rights were declared
Association
Assembly were often restricted
Freedom of expression
Parliament
Elected congress and Senate
Three categories
By royal apointment
By election
By right
Religion
Catholicism official religion
Public expression of other religions prohibited
Sovereignty
Parliament and king
Turnismo
The Coservative and Liberal Party agreed to alternate their terms in power
To avoid military uprising
The Conservative Party
The wealthiest bourgeoisie
The treditional middle classes
The Liberal Party
Inherited the idea of the Sexenio Revolucionario
Turnismo
Manipulation of elections
Favour of the party the king had chosen
The regency of María Cristina: crisis of the political system
Alfonso XII died of tuberculosis
María Cristina bcame the regent
The political regime began to show sings of crisis
The regional problem
Different political movements emerged
Two nationalis movements
Catalan nationalism
League of Cataluña was founded
Catalans wanted Cataluña to be a nation
Basque nationalism
Sabino Arana founded the Basque Nationalist Party
Wanted Basque national sovereingty
The colonial problem
Cuba made constant demands for grater autonomy
Led to the cuban wars
Spain eventualy lost the war
It ceded Philipines, Puerto Rico and Guam to the United states
Ceded Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands and Palau to Germany
The disaster of 1898
Triggered a national crisis
Blow to the Spanish morale
Turnismo lost credibility
The problem of popular representation
There was still electoral fraud
Many citizens were not represented in Parliament
Gradual economic modernisation in Spain
Modest but constant economic modernisation
Spanish population grew less than those of other European countries
Due to
Famines
Epidemics
High death rates because of wars
Life expectancy was very low
Just 35 years
There was still inequality of land ownership
Caciquismo
Large landowners
They rigged elections
The results were favourable to their interests
Banks and credit institutions were required
The tax system was unfair
Panalised the poor
The Spanish Social Workers' Party was founded in Madrid
Helped found the social General Union of Workers
