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UNIT 04: THE LABOUR MOVEMENT AND IMPERIALISM, image, image, image, image,…
UNIT 04: THE LABOUR MOVEMENT AND IMPERIALISM
POINT 06: The Restoration and the Gradual modernisation of Spain
6.1.The Reign of Alfonso XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
CONSTITUTION OF 1876
The Constitution of 1876 combined moderate elements with more advanced elements
Suffrage
It was not regulated by the constitution
the governtment were allowed to choose the system used
Rights and freedoms
Many rights were declared, but it was a slow process
These were often restricted
Freedom of expression
association
Political parties
trade unions
and assembly
Parliament
It was formed by an elected
Congress
and Senate
The Senate was formed by by three categories of Senators
by royal appointment
and elected
by right
Religion
Catholicims the official religion
Other religions were permitted, but public expression of it wasn't
Sovereignty
was in the hands of the
king
and Parliament
Turnismo
It was a system introduced by conservative politician Canovas del Castillo
The two main parties
Conservative
founded by Canovas del castillo
it was a group of moderated politicians
supported by
wealthiest bourgoisie
traditional middle classes
aristocracy
Liberal
founded by Sagasta
inherited the ideology odf the Sexenio Revolutionario
supported by mmembers of the
progressive mmidle class
regionalist middle class
they agreed to alternate their terms in power in order to avoid military up0risings
6.2. The regency of Maria Cristina: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
The problem of popular representation
Although univernal manhood suffrage was introduced in 1890
there was still electoral fraud
The regional problem
different political movements emerged that were dissatisfied with liberalism
demanded regional identity in
Valencia
Navarra
Aragon
Asturias
Andalucia
Catalan nacionalism
The first newspaper in Cataln began to be published
IN 1901, the regionalist league of Cataluña was found
Catalan naionalist wanted
Cataluña to be recognised as a nation
and to play an active role in Spanish politics
Basque nacionalism
Sabino Arana founded the basque Nationalist party
Basque nationalism had no Spanish dimension
Basque nacionalist wanted basque national sovereignty
Colonial problem
Cuba had constant demans for greater
political
commercial auntonomy
The Cuabn wars were betweenn
the cuban independence fighters
aided by the usa and Spain
6.3.Gradual Economic Modernisation In Spain
Demographic Changes and their Economic Repercussions
high death rates because of
wars
and epidemics
yellow fever
malaria
smallpox
and cholera
famines
Because of these factors, life expentacy was very low
Agricultural changes
There was still inequality of land ownership
Caciquismo
Caciquismo developed in rural Spain in the 19th century
Caciques were large landowners
