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Khrushchev and social security and education - Coggle Diagram
Khrushchev and social security and education
Aims
Health and Welfare
Access to healthcare for everyone
Pensions + social benefits
Housing
Khrushchev wanted to fix the housing situation
Women
Initiatives and policies
Health and Welfare
Increased investment in healthcare - more than doubling the budget from 21.4 billion to 44 billion roubles 1950 - 1959
Pensions + social benefits
Pension budget quadrupled between 1950 and 1965
Free lunches in schools and factories
Free public transport
Full pensions and healthcare rights for farmers
Housing
Stopped the construction of new government and communal buildings
Ordered low cost, mass housing as a short term fix which could be replaced once communism had been achieved in the 1980s. These were known as 'Khrushchyovka': pre-fabricated, functional and not decorated
Families had an entire apartment including a bathroom, kitchen + at least two bedrooms
Flats were small but over ten times the size of Kommunalka
Women
Women paid the same as men, but tended to do lower paid jobs. From the 1960s, women also did clerical or administrative work. 74% of people employed in clerical positions in health and education were women.
Specifically targeted to work on the Virgin Lands campaign
Successes and failures
Health and Welfare
Soviet health improved as a result, especially in the countryside
Pensions + social benefits
Improved the life of many
Some guaranteed at least one meal a day
Housing
Flats ten times larger than Kommunalka
However, these were only supposed to be temporary solutions - the goal of achieving Communism never happened
Issue for the government as citizens had more privacy, meaning they could not be spied on as easily.
Women
By 1960s -> half of all Soviet graduates were women
Women in the Virgin Lands were victims of sexual violence - farm managers tended to blame the women and on occasion force rapists to marry their victims.
Number of women joining the party increased under Khrushchev.
Various measures made Women's lives easier -> 1955 abortion legalised, 1956 -> State paid maternity leave increased. Creches, childcare and communal laundries became more available