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Defining Prosocial Behavior - Coggle Diagram
Defining Prosocial Behavior
Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale
Definitions
Voluntary, intentional behavior that results in benefits for another
promotion of welfare in agents other than the actor
(i) intentions and motives, (ii) costs and benefits, and (iii) societal context
SEARCH WORDS
empathy
forgiveness
Influences on prosocial/forgiving bx
positive thinking
religion & spirituality
personlity/temperment
cognitive processes
social learning/peer modeling
positive reinforcement
adult influences/modeling (parents, teachers, coaches, etc.)
connection
relationships
friendships
parent / familty relationships
relationships with teachers
parenting/attachment style
gender
race/ethnicity
economic status
social status
social norms
overall general mood / look out on life
empowerment - believing their behavior can have a positive impact so more likely to engage in prosocial behavior.
prosocial behavior involves actions intended to benefit others or socity as a whole
types of prosocial behavior
as it's multidimension (Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM))
complaint
"...helping others in response to a verbal or nonverbal request. Complaint helping is more frequent than spontaneous helping and much of the research on this type of helping has been conducted with children rather than adolescents."
emotional
"...conceptualized as an orientation toward helping others under emotionally evocative circumstances. Some helping situations can be characterized as highly emotionally charged...for some individuals, highly emotionally evocative situations are likely to lead to overarousal and personal distress whereas, for other individuals, the response might be sympathy."
"these emotional responses have been linked to emotion regulation skills and selfless and egotistic models of helping"
dire
this is a subscale of the emotional factor
"respondents distinguished between helping in crisis or emergency situations (i.e., dire prosocial behavior) and situations that contain emotionally evocative cues (i.e., emotional prosocial behavior)"
public
"A tendency to perform prosocial acts in front of others...."
altruistic
"...voluntary helping motived primarily by concern for the needs and welfare of another, often induced by sympathy responding and internalized norms/principles consistent with helping others." - one with most research.
anonymous
"...helping performed without knowledge of whom helped."
gender differences - "helping that was more heroic or more chivalrous was exhibited more often by young men rather than young women whereas helping embedded in a relational context was exhibited by young women more than young men"
Moral Identity Scale vs.
MOral Identity Questionnare
Revised Prosocial Tendencies Measure
this focuses on situational-specific prosocial behavior rather than global prosocial behavior
Carlo, G., & Randall, B.A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behavior for late adolescent. journal of youth and adolescence, 31, 31-44