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Anthropology part 1 2024 - Coggle Diagram
Anthropology part 1 2024
Research methods
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Interviews
semi structured
- Have a topic; with room to ask questions surrounding said topic
- Don't need a close relationship
- Have weeks to conduct research
unstructured
- The interviewer has months to conduct research, very long period of time
- Broad topic, little knowledge with room for deeper understanding
- Need to have a strong relationship with informant
structured
- Set list of questions to ask that do not change
- Clear topic
- Can hire other people to ask the list of provided questions
- Can happen over only a couple of days
- Do not need to have a relationship with informants
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Ethnology
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ethnologist
those that study origins & cultures, they immerse themselves in a culture for months or years and take meticulous notes. They must have qualities such as adaptable, curious, flexible, respectful, open-minded, patient.
Subjective
reflexivity
the practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying
Schools of thought
Cultural materialism
- This theory states that things within the environment (climate, food supply, geography, ect) influence how a culture develops, creating the ideas and ideology of a culture
- The infrastructure which is material and resources influences the structure which is a society's economic political systems which then influences the superstructure which is the society's values and symbols
- In Canada, an example of this starts with Infrastructure which could be a maple tree. The maple tree then produces maple syrup and lumber which contributes to economics which is apart of the Structure. These factors influence the Superstructure which in Canada's case, is the maple leaf on our flag because it represents our Canadian identity
feminist anthropology
- Ensure female voices are being heard and included in research.
- Study gender roles, and show how our ideas about gender are culturally constructed (created by culture not biology)
functional anthropology
- Every belief action or relationship in a culture works to meet the need of individuals
- Everything within a culture must have a function or significance to have a long term survival ex. the significance of heaven in hell in Christianity is to create the desire to have good morals
- If a culture has it, it has a function
Post modern
- Spend majority of time studying sub-cultures; believe no one knows what is "true" in the world
- Cultural relativism
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RACE
between cultures
Brazil
Has a chart of racial classifications (hair colour, style, eye colour, skin colour, height). This classification system is called tipos, and is not based on ancestry, but on physical appearance only.
Haiti
Based on physical characteristics and ethnicity. A black Canadian who goes to Haiti would be called "white black".
USA
Hypodescent is the racial classification. Children of mixed-race are identified as the group with the lower social class. Passing is used to describe someone with African heritage, but looks more Eurpoean.
Canada
Looks at ancestry and is not as strictly defined as other (not just "black" or "white"). Culture is used as a way to integrate into Canada as a black person (rap, hiphop, TV, movies). Also has common negative stereotypes such as school drop out, low income families, and criminal activity.
over time
Racial categories change over time or different cultures. There was a ranking on the "whiteness" of people. Italians, Greeks, and Eastern Eurpoean people were not considered white, until after WW2.
1700= Race hierarchy
- Anglo Saxon 2. French 5. Irish
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