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GRAMMAR - Coggle Diagram
GRAMMAR
PAST SIMPLE
AFFIRMATIVE
The past simple is used, in the affirmative form, to confirm situations that occurred in the past and have now concluded
The structure of regular verbs is: Subject + [past form of the verb]
NEGATIVE
The past simple, in its negative form, is used to deny situations that occurred in the past and have now concluded.
The structure is: Subject + did + not + verb +
INTERROGATIVE
The past simple, in its interrogative form, is used to ask about situations that occurred in the past and have now concluded.
The structure is: Did + subject + verb + …?
Present perfect with ever and never
• We can use the present perfect to talk about life experiences.
I've tried water-skiing but I haven't tried bungee-jumping.
• We use the present perfect with ever to ask about life experiences. Ever means 'at any time in the past.
Have you ever won a prize? Yes, I have./No, I haven't. Has she ever worked in a restaurant? Yes, she has./No, she hasn't.
• We can use never to talk about things we have notexperienced. Never means 'at no time in the past. We use it with an affirmative verb.
I've never won a competition. He's never been to China.
REMEMBER! We don't use never with a negative verb.
I've never watched a horror film.✔
I haven't never watched a horror film. X
• We normally use been as the past participle of go when we are talking about experiences.
I've been to this restaurant before.
ever/never
Have you ever been to London?
I've never played the drums.
USED OF PAST SIMPLE
• We use the past simple for an action or event that happened at a specific time in the past. We include a time expression like yesterday, last night, last week, at six o'clock, etc.
She won the World Championship in 2021.
I woke up at midday.
• We use the past simple for a sequence of completed actions or events in the past.
He went upstairs, had a shower and then got into bed.
• We use the past simple for an experience or achievement when the person is no longer alive.
Beethoven wrote nine symphonies.
• We use the past simple for an action or event that lasted for a specified period of time in the past.
She worked for Microsoft for three years. When I was a child, I hated cheese.
Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle
I have studied for the exam.
Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participio
I haven't studied for the exam.
Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle
Have I been chosen for the team?
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
yesterday, last winter, two weeks ago, etc.
night/week/year/month, at six o'clock, in the