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La Citología Exfoliativa Oral - Coggle Diagram
La Citología Exfoliativa Oral
Citodiagnosis
It is based on the possibility of analyzing the cells that shed off, due to the constant renewal process of these elements, from the epithelial surfaces.
It does not replace biopsy but provides an easy and quick diagnostic orientation of great utility on organic and functional processes.
metodology
Sample collection
Collection of cellular material
Vigorous rinsing or swishing
Very specific cases such as those patients who have an inability to open their mouth
Scraping
Directed sampling, obtaining cellular material is always done from the clinically suspicious area
Puncture aspiration
Closed cavity
Fixation
The slides are immersed in the fixing liquid immediately after the material has been spread on them
Staining
Methylene blue, gentian violet, or hematoxylin allows for the differentiation of eosinophilic and cyanophilic cells
Interpretation of the images
The more active cellular structures exhibit basophilia and a bluish staining. The less active structures are acidophilic and stain pink
Signs of atypia or dysplasia
These are all the factors we rely on to determine the malignant nature of a cellular smear. Unlike histological signs, these signs are based solely and exclusively on the study of isolated cells
Nucleus
Nuclear enlargement.
Loss of N/C ratio.
Nuclear hyperchromatism.
Chromatin margination.
Multinucleation.
Cytoplasm
Nuclear abnormalities.
Abnormal cell shapes.
Absence of cell borders.
Cannibalism.
Vacuolization and inclusions.
Scant cytoplasm.
Papanicolaou classification
Class 1
Normal: No atypical cells are present
Class 2
Cells with non-suggestive alterations of malignancy
Class 3
Cells with suggestive alterations of malignancy
Class 4
Cells with malignant features
Class 5
Conclusive diagnosis of malignancy
Regina Sánchez Mercader
00409628