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Hypertension - Coggle Diagram
Hypertension
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Incidence/Prevelance
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Contributed to 691,095 deaths in US in 2021
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Pathogenesis
Stages
Normal Blood Pressure:
Systolic: <120 mmHg, Diastolic: <80 mmHg
Elevated BP: Systolic: 120-129 mmHg, Diastolic: <80 mmHg
Hypertension: Stage 1: Systolic: 130-139 mmHg, Diastolic: 80-89 mmHg
Hypertension Stage 2: Systolic: >= 140 mmHg, Diastolic >= 90 mmHg
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Significantly higher risk of CVD, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and MI
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Treatments
Lifestyle Changes
Abstain from alcohol
Long-term alcohol use can inhibit normal blood pressure regulation which can lead to increased blood pressure
Lose weight
This can decrease the load of the cardiovascular system thus releasing pressure the vessels are under, lowering blood pressure
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Drink less caffeine
Caffeine is thought to block a hormone which dilates arteries or to increase adrenal hormone release which causes blood pressure to increase
Low fat diet
Low fat diet prevents blood triglyceride levels from increasing which can form plaques in the blood vessels which can decrease the amount of blood that can flow through vessels which increases blood pressure
Smoking cessation
Smoking injures the cardiovascular system which causes increased cardiac output as well as total peripheral vascular resistance which increases blood pressure
Decrease salt intake
Excessive salt consumption can lead to water retention which increases blood volume which increases blood pressure
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Personal Experience
My family has a history of heart disease and high blood pressure, my dad has had heart complications such as high blood pressure and an irregular heart beat. This may cause me to have a predisposition to heart problems and high blood pressure as well. I have known this for some time now and make it a priority to stay fit and healthy. I try to exercise every day and every Saturday I run for at least 30 minutes. Hopefully this will prevent any future risk of hypertension or heart disease I may be predisposed to.