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5 ways of classifying research, of time - Coggle Diagram
5 ways of classifying research
Purposes of Research
Exploratory-Asks the question WHAT?
Descriptive-Asks WHO/WHEN/WHERE/HOW?
Explanatory-Asks “WHY?” Looks for cause.
Time Dimension of Research
cross-sectional
designs-Collecting data at a single point in time (a cross-section)
longitudinal designs-Involves data collection over an extended time period
Trend Studies-– examine changes within some general population over time
Panel Studies– Follow the same people/groups/organizations over multiple time periods.
Cohort Studies- Like a panel study, but the group you are following share a common life experience within a defined period of time.
Unit of Analysis
Individuals-(college students, police, victims, defendants, inmates,
gang members, burglars)
Groups-(patrol districts, gangs)
Organizations-(prisons, police departments, courtrooms, drug treatment
facilities)
States-(Florida, Arizona, NY, NJ, etc.)
Nations-(USA, Canada, Russia, etc.)
Reductionism-making assertions about groups based
on the examination of individuals.
Ecological fallacy - making assertions about individuals
based on the examination of groups.
Social artifacts- products of social beings and their behavior - (stories innewspapers, posts on the Internet, presidential speech's, video game content)
Methods of Reasoning
Inductive-– moves from the specific to the general
Deductive Reasoning-– moves from the general to the specific
Nature of Data
Qualitative Data-is narrative, not numerical
Quantitative Data-numerical data
of time