Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Elizabeth Martinez Period:2 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Elizabeth Martinez Period:2
Major Functions of system:
Consists of tubes: filter,warm, & moisturize incoming air, &transport it into gas exchange areas, & microscopic air sacs that exchange gases.
Obtains oxygen from atmosphere, removes carbon dioxide from body cells.
Removes particles from incoming air, regulates temp.& water content of air, provides vocal sounds, regulates blood pH, helps in sense of smell.
**Oxygen
brakes down nutrients, releases nutrients. Produce ATP.
**Carbon Dioxide
product of nutrient break down.
Lower respiratory & functions:
Bronchial Tree
Conducts air from trachea to aleoli; mucous lining continues to filter incoming air
Lungs
Contain air passages, alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatic vessels and nerves.
Trachea
Conducts air from trachea to alveoli; mucous lining continuous to filter particles from incoming air
Larnyx
Passageway for air; prevents foreign objects from entering trachea; houses vocal cords.
Disorders of Respiratory System:
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Symptoms
Tachycardia
Swollen Lymph nodes
Fever fatigue
Treatment
Surgery
Meds
Long-term antibiotics
Causes/Risk
Weakened immune system
Drug & alchol abuse
Contagious, inhales
Pneumonia: Bacterial or viral infection of lungs
Symptoms
Chills
Fatigue
Fever
Treatment
Over-the-counter meds
Antibiotics
Oxygen therapy
Causes/Risk
Viral Infection
Aspiration
Bacterial infection
COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema & asthma
Symptoms
wheezing
Tight chest
Chronic cough
Treatment
Medications
Antibiotics
Smoking cessation
Causes/Risk
Air pollution
Age
Tobacco Smoke
Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs.
Symptoms
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Treatment
Chemo-therapy
Targeted therapy
Radiation
Causes/Risk
Smoking (90% of cases)
Second hand smoke
Genetics
Seasonal Flu: Vital infection; Many variations of this virus, it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity symptoms.
Symptoms
Dry cough
Headache
chills
Treatment
Early vaccination
Over-the-counter meds
Rest/hydration
Causes/Risk
Age
Occupation
Droplets
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity:
Volume:
Increse
Decrease
Pressure:
Lowers
Adds
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration:
Inspiration:
Diaphragm & external intercostal muscles:
Diaphragm contracts &moves downward, enlarging thoracic cavity
Extend intercostals contract to move ribs & sternum upward &downward
Muscles expand in thoracic cavity for normal inspiration
Muscle contraction results in pressure in lungs falling 2mm below atmospheric pressure;causes air to rush into lungs.
Air moves from higher to lower pressure
Expiration:
Lungs recoil, pleura & chest wall are puled inward
Increased surface tension in alveoli decreases their volume
As diaphragm recoils, abdominal origins spring back to original shape, pushes diaphragm upwards
Intra-alveolar pressure increases to about 1mm Hg above atmospheruc pressure
Diaphragm &external intercostal muscles relax & lungs recoil decreasing volume of thoracic cavity.
Results to air rushes out of lungs into atmosphere
Results from passive process of elastic recoil of muscles & lung tissues &from surface tension within alveoli.
Similarites:
Thoracic cavity is being expanded
Both are composed to ventilation which is breathing.
Upper respiratory & functions:
Nasal Cavity
Conducts air to pharynx; mucous lining filters, warm, & moistens incoming air
Paranasal Sinus
Reduce weight of the skull. Serves a resonant chambers.
Nose
Filter incoming air
Pharynx
Passageway for incoming air from nasal cavity to larynx. For food from the oral cavity to esophagus
Internal Respiration vs. External Respiration:
External Respiration:
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
Internal Respiration:
Gas exchange between blood and body cells
Respiratory volumes and capacities:
Tidal Volume (TV)
Volume of air moved in & out of lungs during respiratory cycle
500mL
Residual Volume (RV)
1,200mL
Volume of air that remains in lungs even after a maximal expiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
3,000mL
Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at end of a resting inspiration.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
1,100mL
Maximal volume of air can be exhaled at end of a resting expiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
4,600 mL
Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible. : VC=TV+IRV+ERV
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
3,500mL
Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal volume. : IC=TV+IRV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
5,800mL
Total volume of air that lungs can hold. : TLC=VC+RV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
2,300mL
Volume of air that remains lungs following exhalation of resting tidal volume. : FRC=ERV+RV
Layers of Pleurae:
Parietal Pleurae:
Outer layer; lines thoracic cavity
Serous Fluid:
Lubricates the Pleurae cavity
Visceral Pleura:
Inner most layer; attatched to surface of each long