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Janelle Cardenas per.5 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Janelle Cardenas per.5 Respiratory System
major functions of the respiratory system
supply blood w/ O2 for cellular respiration.
dispose of CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration
volume & pressure relationships
transpulmonary pressure (Ppul - Pip)
: pressure that keeps lung spaces open
intrapleural pressure (Pip)
: pressure in pleural cavity; fluctuates w/ breathing
intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul)
: pressure in alveoli; fluctuates w/ breathing
atmospheric pressure (Patm)
: pressure exerted by air surrounding the body
internal vs external respiration
EXTERNAL
: exchange of O2 & CO2 between lungs & blood
INTERNAL
: exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood vessels & tissues
lower respiratory
TRACHEA
: airway to breathe
CONDUCTING ZONE STRUCTURES
: trachea, R&L main bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles, & terminal bronchioles
LARYNX
: provided airway, routes air & food into proper channels, & voice production
epiglottis
: consists of elastic cartilage & covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing
RESPIRATORY ZONE STRUCTURES
: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
respiratory zone
: site of gas exchange
L & R LUNG
conducting zone
: conduits that
transport gas*
to & from gas exchange sites
pleurae
compare & contrast inhalation & expiration
INHALATION
lungs are stretched;
intrapulmonary pressure increases
intrapulmonary pressure decreases
thoracic volume increases
air flows -> lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure = 0
inspiratory muscles
contract
EXPIRATION
elastic lungs recoil passively;
intrapulmonary volume decreases
intrapulmonary pressure increases
thoracic cavity volume decreases
air flows out of lungs, down the pressure gradient until pressure = 0
inspiratory muscles relax
upper respiratory
nasal cavity
PHARYNX
:
oropharynx
: passageway for food & air
nasopharynx
: passageway for air
laryngopharynx
passageway for food & air
nose
paranasal sinuses
disorders
laryngitis
: inflammation of the vocal folds that causes the vocal folds to swell; infers w/ vibrations
seasonal flu
: a viral infection
causes
: inhaled in respiratory droplets, age, occupation
symptoms
: dry cough, fatigue, congestion
lung cancer
: uncontrolled cell growth & development
causes
: air pollution, genetics, gas
symptoms
: chest pain, fatigue, weight loss
pneumonia
: bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
causes
: bacterial infection, viral infection, aspiration
symptoms
: fever, shortness of breath, chills
tuberculosis
: bacterial infection
causes
: contagious, inhaled, weakened immune system, drugs
symptoms
: cough w/ mucus, weight loss
COPD
: pulmonary disorder; chronic bronchitis
causes
: tobacco smoke, dust exposure
symptoms
: chronic cough, wheezing, & tight chest
layer of pleurae
PARIETAL PLEURA
: membrane on thoracic wall
VISCERAL PLEURA
: membrane on external lung
respiratory volumes & capacities
VOLUMES
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
: amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the TV
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
: amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs
tidal volume (TV)
: amount of air moved into & out of lungs w/ each breath
residual volume (RV)
: amount of air that always remains in lungs
CAPACITIES
functional residual capacity (FRC)
: RV + ERV
vital capacity (VC)
: TV + IRV + ERV
inspiratory capacity (IC)
: TV + IRV
total lung capacity (TLC)
: TV + IRV +ERV + RV