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Bonding 1.3 - Coggle Diagram
Bonding 1.3
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Forces between molecules
Van Der Waals = weakest force - present in all but they are the only forces that non-polar molecules experience
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Hydrogen Bonding = Strongest force only occurs when Hydrogen is bonded to O2, N2, F2
When Drawing - Show; 1. two molecules.
- all lone pairs, 3. partial charges,4. correct alignment of atoms
Higher Boiling points due to strong forces due to hydrogen bonds - water is less dense as ice (solid) than liquid
Ionic, Covalent, Metallic structures
Giant ionic lattice held together by ionic bonds - High melting point - strong electrostatic forces - Only conducts electricity when molten as ions are then free to move
Metals - High melting points - strong forces of attraction between positive ion and delocalised electrons - can conduct electricity in any form due to delocalised electrons - as ions can slide over each other they are also malleable and ductile
Covalent
"Simple Molecular", "Macromolecular" - Low Melting points (simple) - forces of attraction are weak and therefore require little energy to break - insoluble in water unless they can form hydrogen bonds - doesnt conduct electricity - no electrons to carry charge
Macromolecular substances have high melting and boiling points as there are strong covalent bonds between atoms so require a lot of energy to break
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Polar and Non Polar
Polar Covalent Bond - difference in electronegativity - bonded electrons closer to more electronegative
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Non Polar covalent bond - No or very small difference in electronegativity shared pair of electrons shared easily
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