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Carbohydrates: They are the most abundant biomolecules on Earth, serving…

- - - - Sucrose: A disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose (an isomer of glucose). It is linked by linked by an α,β-1,2-glycosidic bond. It is commonly found in plants like sugarcane and sugar beets. It is also known as table sugar.
      - Both lactose and sucrose:
        
        Both sucrose and lactose are disaccharides, meaning they are composed of two monosaccharide units.
        
        Composition:
        
        Both contain glucose as one of their monosaccharide components.
        
        Both are composed of hexose sugars (monosaccharides with six carbon atoms).
        
        Function:
        
        Both serve as energy sources for living organisms.
        
        Both are commonly found in the diets of various organisms, providing essential carbohydrates for metabolism.
        
        Linkage:
        
        Both sucrose and lactose are formed by glycosidic linkage between their monosaccharide units.
  - - - DNA
        
        Deoxyribose: a monosaccharide component of DNA molecules, crucial for genetic information storage.
      - Monosaccharides
      - Glucose: A type of monosaccharide that is essential for energy production in organisms.
      - Polysacchrides : Large polymers of monosaccharide units.
        
        Dextran (DIC strands): A type of polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls, contributing to their structural integrity. It is natural sources of glucose by bacteria and with 1:6 glucoside links.
        
        Cellulose is a long linear polysaccharide polymer consisting of β-1,4-linked glucose units (C5H8O4)m. It is used found in the cell walls of plants and their organs (like fruits, leaves, and vegetables).
        
        Starch (can be in the form of amylose or amylopectin) is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers. It if responsible for the energy storage in plants.
        
        Amylose is composed of glucose monomers linked through α(1→4)-glycosidic linkages. It represents the unbranched form of glucose polysaccharides.
        
        Amylopectin is a straight-chain polymer of D-glucose units. It represents the linear form of glucose polysaccharides.
        
        The connection between structural carbohydrates and glycogen is that
        
        Glycogen
      - Oligosaccharides: Short chains of monosaccharides with various biological functions (e.g., cell recognition). It posses 2–10 monosaccharide units. The monosaccharide units may be linked via O-glycosidic or N-glycosidic linkages.
      - Structural carbohydrates: Essential for providing support and structure in living organisms, includes components like DNA (which contains the carbohydrate deoxyribose) and cell walls (composed of cellulose).