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Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostais IV - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Decreases the blood glucose level when it gets too high
      - Process
        
        After a meal containing carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose level rises, which is detected by the pacreas
        
        The pancreas respons by producing insulin which is secreted into the blood
        
        Insulin causes body cells to take up more glucose from the blood, cells in the liver muscles can take up glucose and convert it into the storage molecule glycogen
        
        Blood glucose level falls back to the normal blood glucose range
        
        Insulin binds to cells in target organs in the muscle and liver
    - - Increases the blood glucose level when it gets too low
      - Process
        
        If a person's blood glucose level decreases, the fall is detected by the pancreas
        
        The pancreas responds by producing glucagon, which is secreted into the blood
        
        Glucagon causes the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles to be convereted back into glucose, which enters the blood
        
        Blood glucose levels rise to the the normal blood glucose range
        
        Glucagon binds to liver cells
- - - - Dialysis - machines does the job of kidneys
      - Kidney transplant - diseased kidney is replaced
  - - - Person's blood flows alongside a partially permeable membrane, surrounded by dialysis fluid
      - Partially permeable membrane allows things like ions and waste substance through, but not big molecules
      - Dialysis fliud has the same concentration of dissolved ions and glucosed as healthy blood, so useful dissolved ions and glucose won't be lost from the blood during dialysis
      - Only waste substances and excess ions and water diffuse across the membrane
      - Blood is mixed with an anticoagulant to prevent the blood clotting
      - Dialysis fluid has no urea so urea diffuses out of the blood down its concentration gradient
    - - Only cure for kidney disease is to have a kidney transplant
      - Healthy kidneys are transplanted from people who have suddenly died or from relatives
      - Kidneys can be transplanted from people who are still alive, as you can live with only one kidney
      - Cons
        
        Invasive surgery, risk of infection
        
        Pateint has to take immumosupressants, more susceptible to disease
        
        Finding a kiney is very difficult as its antigens have to match
  - - - Donor with a tissue type that closely matches the patient's is chosen, the more similar the tissue types, the more similar the antigens and the change of the organ being identified as foreign is reduced