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MITOCHONDRIA, MITOCHONDRIA - Coggle Diagram

- - - - functions
        
        PYRUVATE OXIDATION
        
        TCA CYCLE
        
        BETA OXIDATION OF FATS
        
        DNA REPLICATION
        
        RNA SYNTHESIS
        
        PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
  - - - functions
        
        ELECTRON TRANSPORT
        
        OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORILATION
        
        PYRUVATE IMPORT
        
        FATTY ACYL COA IMPORT
        
        METABOLITE TRANSPORT
  - - - functions
        
        PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS
        
        FATTY ACID DESATURATION
        
        FATTY ACID ELONGATION
- - - - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
  - - - after GLYCOLYSIS in cytosol
        
        AEROBIC CONDITIONS
        
        respiration
        
        1) PYRUVATE OXIDATION 2)KREBS CYCLE
        
        FERMENTABLE NUTRIENTS + O2 --> CO2 + H20
        
        AEROBIC RESPIRATION
        
        2 more items...
        
        1) pyruvate oxidated (NAD is reduced to NADH) by cetyl CoA (activated form of acetate)
        
        1) pyruvate decarboxylated (liberation of carbon as CO2)
        
        1) Acetyle CoA becomes the substrate for aerobic respiration
        
        complete oxidation
        
        OXIDATION
        
        involves the removal of electrons and protons. strongly EXERGONIC
        
        uses ENZYMES as transporters of electrons
        
        1 more item...
        
        catabolysm reaction= release energy
        
        waste products: H2O and CO2
        
        trapped energy: 36 ATP
        
        ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS (no oxigen or hypoxic condition)
        
        fermentation
        
        incomplete oxidation
        
        waste products:
        
        lactate
        
        proprionic fermentation (Swiss cheese)
        
        ethanol plus CO2
        
        butylene-glycol fermentation (wasting food)
        
        trapped energy: 2ATP
        
        FERMENTABLE SUBSTATES --> ETHANOL PLUS CO2 OR LACTATE
        
        LACTIC FERMENTATION
        
        1) 1 glucose to 2 pyruvates (use of 2 ADP and Pi and release of 2 ATP) (from 2NAD+ to 2NADH)
        
        2) 2 PYRUVATES TO 2 LACTATES (from 2NADH to 2NAD+)
        
        ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
        
        1) 1 GLUCOSE TO 2 PYRUVATES (from 2 ADP and Pi to 2ATP)
        
        2) 2 PYRUVATES TO 2 ACETALDEHYDE (release of 2 CO2)
        
        3) 2 ACETALDEHYDE TO 2 ETHANOL
        
        pyruvate is reduced so that NADH can be oxidized to NAD
        
        it is the oxidation (removal of electrons) of glucose. Exergonic but coupled to production of ATP. thanks to it no temperature change
        
        phases
        
        1) PREPARATION AND CLEAVAGE
        
        -2 phosphorilations -split to form 2 glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate = 2 ATP per glucose consumed
        
        2) OXIDATION AND ATP GENERATION
        
        two molecules glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidised to 3-phosphoglycerate = 2 ATP and 2 NADH produced
        
        3) PYRUVATE FORMATION AND ATP GENERATION
        
        two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules converted to PYRUVATE= 2 ATP produced
        
        1) phosphoenolpyruvate (has a P group that blocks it into unstable form)
        2) separation of P group (exergonic because molecule of pyruvate assumes
        3) chetonic form
        
        glucose and fructose enter more directly because their conversion requires only the phosphorilation of C6 catalyzed by the kinase
        
        many carbohydrate substrates can be metabolized by conversion to an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway: galactose, glucose, fructose, mannose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, glycogen, starch, glycerol
        
        storage polysaccharides (starch or glycogen) liberate glucose units as glucose-1-phosphate by phosphorolytic cleavage
        
        glucose 1 phosphate is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate and catabolyzed by the glycolytic pathway
        
        REGULATION OF GLYCOLYSIS OR GLUCOGENESIS
        
        in both cases regulation involves allosteric activation (+) or inhibition (-) of enzymes that catalyze reactions unique to their pathway
        
        glycolysis
        
        hexokinase
        
        phosphofructokinase
        
        PFK-1
        
        2 more items...
        
        pyruvate kinase
        
        the regulatory enzymes are the ones that catalyse the irreversible reactions
        
        glucogenesis
        
        CORI CYCLE
        
        the link between glycolysis in mucle cells and glycogenesis in liver
        
        skeletal muscle cellsdrive their energy from glycolysis. the lactate produced in this way is transported to the liver rby the bloodstream where it is reoxidized by pyruvate
- - - - functions
        
        PYRUVATE OXIDATION
        
        TCA CYCLE
        
        BETA OXIDATION OF FATS
        
        DNA REPLICATION
        
        RNA SYNTHESIS
        
        PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
  - - - functions
        
        ELECTRON TRANSPORT
        
        OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORILATION
        
        PYRUVATE IMPORT
        
        FATTY ACYL COA IMPORT
        
        METABOLITE TRANSPORT
  - - - functions
        
        PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS
        
        FATTY ACID DESATURATION
        
        FATTY ACID ELONGATION