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Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Metabolism
Photosynthesis
Pigments
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a
Most abundant
430nm, 660nm
Chlorophlyll b
Second most abundant
450nm, 650nm
Accessory pigments
Carotenoids
Beta carotene
Protects from UV
Photosystems
PSII
P680
Shorter wavelengths
Chlorophyll b
PSI
Chlorophyll a
P700
longer wavelength
Thylakoid membrane
Reaction center
Photophosphorylation (Thylakoid reactions)
Cyclic photophsophrylation
Protons pumped into lumen.
Proton gradient forms ATP through ATP synthase. ATP powers stroma reactions
e- PSI I -> plastoquinone -> b6f -> plastocyanin
Noncyclic photophosphorylation
e- PSII -> plastoquinone -> b6f -> plastocyanin-> PSI -> NADPH
Photolysis
Protons left behind
Oxygen diffuses out of stoma
PSII, light splits water
Stroma reactions
Fixation
RuBisCo + CO2 + RuBP = 2C3
Reduction
C3 into G3P
One to form glucose
One to regeneration
Regeneration
Carbon shuffling
Uses ATP from thylakoid reactions
RuBP remade
Alternative pathways
C4
Seasonally dry/fire
herbaceous
photorespiration is not a problem
Low CO2, high temps
PEP carboxylase
CAM
more common than C4
Opens stomata at night
High light, arid, low CO2
PEP carboxylase
C3
Water avaliabe is high
Mild temp
Origins of metabolism
Endosymbiotic theory
Mitochrondria
Cellular respiration
Cyanobacterium
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Evidence
Own DNA
Self replicate
Bacteria-like ribosomes
Engulfed bacteria. Depend on each other over time.
Metabolism may have evolved first
Chemosynthesis first (inorganic molecules)
Cellular Respiration
Glycosis
Breakdown of C6H12O6
Products
4 ATP (net 2)
2 NADH
2 pyruvate (C3)
Fermentation (no oxygen)
Lactic acid (animals)
Ethanol (Plants)
Aerobic respiration (oxygen)
Pyruvate oxidation x2
Mitochrodria matrix
2 NADH produced
2 Acetyl CoA (C2)
Used up
2 ATP
overcomes activation energy
Cytoplasm
No oxygen
Citric Acid Cycle
Happens twice (each Acetyl CoA)
Mitochodria matrix
Products
8 NADH (counting pryuvate oxidation)
2 ATP
substrate level phosphorylation
2 FADH2
Electron carriers
Oxidative phosphorylation
inner Mitochrondria membrane (cristae)
4 Major protein complexs
Electron passes through/proton gradient forms
ATP synthase
Protons fuel turbine
ATP forms (majority of cellular respiration)
Oxygen final electron acceptor
Proton lake in intermembrane space
Glucose
Beta
Structure
Cellulose
Beta 1,4 bonds
Alpha
Energy Storage
Starch
Amylose
angular
Alpha 1,4 bonds
Amylopectin
linear
Alpha 1, 6 bonds
Origins of life
Early conditions
Ammonia and methane
Prebiotic soup
Natural chemical reactions
organic compounds
PNA/RNA
DNA
Cell
LUCA
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
2 more items...
Descent with modification
1 more item...
Slow evolution of complexity
3 more items...
All life originated from
Lipids
Phospholipid membrane
Wet/dry cycle
Lightning storms
