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Interventions to promote mental health 2 - Coggle Diagram
Interventions to promote mental health 2
Keyes (2005)
Mental health divided into 4 categories:
Flourishing (far left of spectrum)
Moderate mental health
Languishing
Mental Disorder (far right of spectrum)
Compared to flourishing adults,
moderately mentally healthy + languishing individuals
have:
Psychosocial impairment (e.g. poorer relationships)
Physical health (e.g. more cardiovascular disease)
Productivity (e.g. missed days at work)
Correlational
Longer term evidence:
Schotanus-Dijkstra et al (2017)
Lyubomirsky et al (2005)
Target groups
Children + Adolescents
Kessler et al (2007)
- mental illness onset in childhood + adolescence
Steinberg (2005)
- Difference in development between cognitive + emotional aspects of brain
Friendship groups
School environment
Level of independence
Dynamic with parents/guardians
Long lasting negative impact of mental illness + long lasting positive impact of mental health
Independence away from parents/ guardians
Educational attainment
Development of peer support networks
Keyes (2006)
Flourishing group most common in 12-14 y/o's
Moderate mental health most common in 15-18 y/o's
Adolescents without mental illness not necessarily mentally healthy
Flourishing adolescents functioning better than moderately mentally healthy/languishing adolescents
As measures of mental health increased, conduct problems decreased (arrests, drug use) + psychosocial functioning increased (self-determination, closeness to others)
Older individuals
Threats to mental health include:
Age discrimination
Barriers to participation in meaningful activities
Social isolation
Poorer physical health
Poverty
National Institute for Mental Health (2005)
Mental health + well-being of older people neglected in terms of promotion, prevention + treatment services
Age Concern + the Mental Health Foundation (2006)
Promoting mental health can lead to benefits:
Benefit personally
Benefit society - Maximise contributions, minimise costs of care related to poor mental health
Socioeconomic factors (SES)
APA definition:
"The social standing or class of an individual or group. Often measured as a combination of education, income + occupation"
Lower SES status associated with poorer health outcomes -
Marmot (2020)
Lower SES status associated with poorer mental health -
Hoebel et al (2017); Macintyre et al (2018)
People with a mental illness
Confidence, self-esteem, hopefulness + social integration can influence clinical + quality of life outcomes
Social Exclusion Unit (2004)
Adults with MHP = one of the most excluded groups in society (Stigma + discrimination)
2/3 of men under 35 y/o with MHP who die by suicide are unemployed
General population
Keyes (2005)
- 18% of US adults are flourishing, over 80% of population may benefit from increased mental health
Braunholtz et al (2007)
- 14% of Scottish adults have 'good mental wellbeing', 73% have average, 14% have poor mental wellbeing