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Matter, Colloids, characteristics that can only be measured or observed as…
Matter
What is it?
Pure Substance
Element
a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
oxygen, helium, sodium, hydrogen, gold, carbon, lithium, nitrogen, uranium, copper
Compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.
sugar, table salt, water, carbon dioxide, Sodium bicarbonate
Mixture
Homogenous
Solutions
a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
sugar in water and salt in water solutions, soda water
Heterogenous
Suspensions
a heterogeneous mixture in which the solid particles are spread throughout the liquid without dissolving in it.
muddy water, flour in water, sand particles in water, chalk in water,
Properties
Chemical Properties of matter
Physical Properties of matter
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Colloids
A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.
mist, milk, jellies, whipped cream, pumic stone.
characteristics that can only be measured or observed as matter transforms into a particular type of matter
chemical properties
flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion
Extensive properties
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties.
volume, mass, weight, boiling point.
melting an ice cube, breaking a bottle, shredding paper, boiling water
Physical change
A change in matter which does not alter the chemical properties of the matter
Intensive properties
An intensive property is a property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount.
Temperatures, density, color, melting and boiling point
a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances
Chemical change
boiling an egg, baking a cake, milk growing sour, burning of paper or wood.