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Cultural Deprivation - Coggle Diagram
Cultural Deprivation
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alleged cultural differences suggest working class place too much emphasis on enjoying themselves + living in the moment
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working class may lack knowledge to succeed as they haven't benefitted from same informal education from parents
may lack ability to speak, read, write + think on ways which will because of upbringing
Feinstein
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since middle class parents tend to be better educated, they're able to their children an advantage by how they socialise them
less educated parents parenting style often consists of harsh, inconsistent discipline centred around 'doing as you're told' which prevents child from learning independence + self control
educated parents are better able to get expert advice on childrearing, more successful at building good relationships with teachers + better at guiding their children with school related activities + problems
working class families can't make use of a higher income where there's spare money to spend in ways that promote children's educational success
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Bernstein
Restricted codes
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short, simple, unfinished sentences
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being socialised in households that moistly use restricted codes holds back working class children in education system
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Elaborated codes
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longer, more complex sentences
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EVALUATION
:( critics question whether such big cultural difference between classes exist in the contemporary world
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:( Gillian Evans found most working class parents placed very high value on education + did encourage their children to do well
:( Gaine + George criticise Bernstein, saying he oversimplifies the difference between working class + middle class speech patterns as they found differences aren't as prominent now + others factors also affect educational attainment
:( Keddie says cultural deprivation is a myth + a victim blaming explanation rather than acknowledging that working class are simply culturally different, not culturally deprived
:( Troyna + Williams argue teachers have a speech hierarchy, labelling middle class speech the highest, followed by working class speech then black speech
:( working class are put at a disadvantage by an education system that's dominated by middle class values
Patterns of Achievement
Centre for Longitudinal Studies found by the age of 3, children from disadvantaged backgrounds are already up to a year behind those from privileged backgrounds + gap widens with age
Webber & Butler found best predictor of achievement was type of neighbourhood pupils lived in as the more middle class + affluent the area, the more successful the school tended to be
John Jerrim found that even the most talented were being left behind in education if they came from a lower class background + suggested that without class advantages, talent often isn't enough to succeed