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READING MODELS - Coggle Diagram
READING MODELS
Bottom-Up Model
Begins
The smallest parts (letters)
Ends
The largest parts (discourse)
Focuses on
Sequential processing of text
Readers' roll
Text decoding
By mechanical process
Word recognition
Sentence syntax
Focus on visual and grapho-phonic cues
Comprehension by
Word and sentence identification and combination
Top-Down Model
Readers' roll
To use
Prior Knowledge
To interpret the text
Contextual cues
Relevant
Understanding meaning
Focuses on
Background knowledge
Irrelevant
Decoding individual words
Interactive Model
Reding comprehension involves
Dynamic interaction between
Text
Reading
Meaning is
In the text
Co-constructed through
Reader's interpretation
Textual information
Combines
Bottom-Up elements
Top-Down elements
Compensatory-Encoding Model
Agrees with
Interactive-Compensatory Model
Relevant
Compensatory strategies in reading
Should be used to
Enhance reading performance
Readers' roll
To compansate limited working memory
Can resort to
Verbal Efficiency Theory of Reading
Highlights
Word recognition skills in reading comprehension
Readers' roll
When efficient
Can allocate more cognitive resources to
Higher-level comprehension process
Can quickly recognize words
This allows them
Interactive-Compensatory Model
Readers' roll
Compensate for deficiencies by
Using alternative strategies
When weak in word recognition
They use prior Knowledge of the topic
Construction-Integration Model
Readers' roll
To construct a coherent mental representation of the text
In two phases
Construction
Integration
To develop and evaluate propositions
Based on
Textual information
Prior Knowledge