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Psychopathology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Phobias are maintained through operant conditioning and negative reinforcement. Each time the rat was present, little Albert would try to avoid the phobic stimulus to reduce anxiety (negative reinforcement). The relief felt each time that the stimulus is avoided acts as reinforcement.
      - Phobia develops through classical conditioning. Watson & Rayner (1928) taught Little Albert to associate the presence of the white rat (neutral stimulus) with the loud noise (unconditioned stimulus) causing a feared response (unconditioned response). This conditioned response of fear was then triggered every time little Albert was presented with the now conditioned stimulus of a white rat.