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Earthquake case studies - Coggle Diagram
Earthquake case studies
KEY DETAILS
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A 6.3 earthquake struck New Zealand’s South Island on 22nd February 2011 at 12.51pm. The shaking lasted for 12 seconds.
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CAUSES
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The Caribbean plate is moving eastward, while the North American plate moves westwards.
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It was the grinding together of the two plates along the Alpine Fault that caused the Feb. earthquake.
EFFECTS
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
10,000 homes had to be demolished as they were unsafe and were a hazard risk
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Three years after the earthquake, 400,000 people were still living in refugee camps.
A cholera outbreak led to the loss of over 9,000 lives. The outbreak is thought to have been caused by Nepalese UN peacekeepers helping with the relief effort.
Slow distribution of resources resulted in sporadic violence, with looting reported.
Vital infrastructure was severely damaged and destroyed. The Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport was forced to close, while damage to the seaport rendered the harbour unusable.
Approximately 300,000 people were injured
160,000 people were killed
Approximately 2,000 people suffered major injuries.
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RESPONSES
Immediate
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Appeals for emergency aid were issued by the United Nations and president René Préval. Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the USA, and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean, also pleaded for aid and donations.
Able-bodied survivors extracted the living and the dead from the rubble of the many buildings that had collapsed.
The neighbouring Dominican Republic was the first country to provide aid to Haiti, sending water, food and heavy-lifting machinery.
A full emergency response plan was in place within two hours of the earthquake happening; the government established a command centre to coordinate departments and rescue services.
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The NZ Fire Service co-ordinated search and rescue efforts, together with specialist teams from Australia, UK, USA, Japan, China and Singapore.
Long Term
Oxfam continues to work in Haiti, supporting employment creation and the construction of long-term sanitation services. They also assist small-scale farmers.
While the World Bank waived the country's debt repayments for five years, the EU promised €330 million for long-term aid and Brazil announced R$375 million for recovery aid.
Habitat for Humanity, an NGO, built 200 permanent homes in Santo, NE of Port-au-Prince in the two years following the earthquake. 1,500 upgradeable shelters that can be turned into permanent housing have also been constructed.
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The total cost to insurers of rebuilding has been estimated at NZ$20–30 billion, making it by far New Zealand's costliest natural disaster in history.
Fundraising events were held throughout the following year to help those affected. The cast of The Hobbit took part in a charity cricket match to raise money.