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Multiple Sclerosis - Coggle Diagram
Multiple Sclerosis
Risk Factors
Although MS can occur at any age, it is typically seen in those between the ages of 20 and 40. Risk factors include:
Genetic risk of MS
There is no established study stating that MS is directly inherited, however, if you are related to someone that has the condition you are more likely to develop it. The chances of a sibling or the child of someone with MS developing it is about 2 to 3 in 100. There have been 200 genes identified that contribute to the risk of developing MS. Within the general population, the risk is about 1 in 333.
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Pathogenesis
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Relapsing Remitting MS
About 8 and 9 people out of every 10 people with MS are diagnosed with the relapsing remitting type. An individual with this kind of MS may experience episodes of new or worsening symptoms, known as relapse. They may occur without any warning, but are sometimes preceded with a stage of illness or stress. The symptoms worsen over the span of a couple days, last anywhere from days to months, and then begin to slowly improve over time. Symptoms may disappear or they carry on as repeated attacks occur over several years.
Primary Progressive MS
About 1 and 2 in every 10 people with the condition start their MS with a gradual worsening of symptoms. With primary progressive MS, symptoms tend to gradually worsen and build up over the course of several years, and there usually aren’t any periods of remission involved.
Incidence/Prevalence
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common progressive neurologic disease of young adults worldwide. It is estimated that about 200 new cases are diagnosed each week in the United States. After a study was conducted and funded by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, it was discovered that nearly one million people are living with MS in the U.S. The study estimates that about up to 913,925 adults are living with MS in the U.S. which is two times the number that was reported back in a study from 1975.
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Treatment
Although there is currently no cure for MS, several treatment options exist that can help to control and manage the symptoms. The treatment method used comes down to the intensity of the symptoms and condition itself. If the proper treatment is taken, the number of relapses can be reduced and possibly even delay the long-term disability progression of the disease.
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Non-drug therapy
Alternative options do exist for MS patients who may not want to resort to drug pharmacologic treatments. Seeing a speech and language therapist has deemed beneficial to improve control over a person's mouth and throat. With this method, the individual can also receive assistance with swallowing and speaking if they have a facial tremor. Therapies such as rehabilitation can be considered, as the therapist may aid in any bladder and bowel issues, as well as existing neurological issues.