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The Codification of Human Rights at the International Level - Coggle…
The Codification of Human Rights at the International Level
Surprising Cases
North Korea's absence isn't surprising given its closed regime and human rights record.
Surprising countries may include smaller nations like Palau and Andorra, which might have limited engagement in international agreements due to their size or specific political dynamics.
IMPORTANT ATRICLES
Article 1: Right to equality
Article 3: Right to life, liberty, and security of person
Article 5: Freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
Article 19: Freedom of opinion and expression
Article 25: Right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being
Countries who did NOT sign
North Korea
South Sudan
Palau
Andorra
Vatican City
Enforcement of the Instrument
Enforcement Mechanisms
Effectiveness of Enforcement
Effectiveness varies widely.
Challenges include lack of political will, resource constraints, and sovereignty concerns.
Enforcement often relies on diplomatic pressure and public scrutiny.
Not binding - allows for these practices
Through international organizations (e.g., United Nations)
Monitoring and reporting mechanisms
National human rights institutions
Article 5: Freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (3rd gen)
Prohibits torture: Intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, physical or mental, for various purposes.
Covers broader scope: Includes cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment beyond torture.
Upholds human dignity: Affirms the inherent value and dignity of every individual.
Establishes a standard: Nations should prevent, prohibit, and punish such acts.
Enforcement includes legal frameworks, investigations, accountability, and awareness-raising efforts.
Integral to human rights protection: Safeguards against abuses and promotes respect for human dignity.
countries who did not sign this:
North Korea: North Korea has not ratified or signed numerous international human rights agreements, including the UDHR. The country has been widely criticized for its human rights record and its lack of engagement with international human rights mechanisms.
South Sudan: South Sudan, as a relatively new country, may not have ratified or signed certain human rights conventions due to factors such as political instability and limited capacity.
Legal and Moral Imperative: Upholding the principles outlined in Article 5 is not only a legal obligation under international human rights law but also a moral imperative rooted in the recognition of the inherent dignity of every human being.
International Standards: Article 5 reflects widely accepted international standards regarding the prohibition of torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.