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What we have learned in Unit 5 - Coggle Diagram
What we have learned in Unit 5
DNA
This is what stores your genes for reuse over and over. This indirectly creates necessary proteins in the body to carry out all of the necessary functions
Nucleotide
A nitrogenous base linked to a phosphate and sugar group.
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone:
A sugar and phosphate inside of a nucleotide chained repeatedly. These are connected by phosphodiester bonds.
Nitrogenous Bases:
Also known as DNTP in chemical form, these are what connect to each other on nucleotides. These consist of Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine in DNA, and Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Uracil in RNA
Sugar-phosphate backbone:
A sugar and phosphate inside of a nucleotide chained repeatedly. These are connected by phosphodiester bonds.
RNA
tRNA
Transfer RNA; what carries the amino acids
Anticodon
3-nucleotide groups that connect to Codons on mRNA molecules, which are derived from DNA.
mRNA
Messenger RNA; directly transcribed from DNA
Codon
3-nucleotide groups that connect to Anticodons on tRNA molecules, which carry amino acids.
rRNA
ribosomal RNA (rRNA), molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein.
This is the temporary copy of what creates the proteins in the body. This directly creates necessary proteins in the body to carry out all of the necessary functions.
Processes
PCR
PCR makes billions of copies exponentially of a specific DNA fragment or gene, which allows detection and identification of gene sequences using visual techniques based on size and charge.
Gel electrophoresis
A process by which DNA fragments are copied by PCR, and then made to run through a gel using a positive and negatively charged side, and current, making the DNA run through the gel. The smaller the fragment, the faster it will run through the gel, allowing us to determine the size of the fragment in relation to other fragments.