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Achieving a Political Settlement - Coggle Diagram
Achieving a Political Settlement
CODESA
Success of CODESA 1 and the 1992 referendum led to physical creation of the new constitution, it failed as Mandela accused the NP of holding onto power
The NP was accused of having no agenda and dissention within the party, some considering a federal structure
Mandela and De Klerk both won the Nobel prize in 1993 did little to appease tensions
A Record of Understanding was issued in September 1992, promising release of all political prisoners, banning of pangas and restrictions on Zulu vs Inkhata agitators
NP Divison
Once the Record of Understanding and Mandela's National Unity speech, De Klerk had difficulties persuading members of his own party to agree
NP members were fearful of the future and their livelihoods, with PAC members chanting "one settler, one bullet"
Continuing Violence
The AWB, led by Eugene Terre Blanche, was joined politically with the Conservative Party and many hardline NP members
It launched a major excursion into Bophuthatswana to reinstate Mangope, who opposed the peace settlement, leading to many deaths and their demise
Inkhata and ANC violence continued, SACP organised a 100,000 strong march on Pretoria led by Mandela
Chris Hani, leader of MK, was killed by a white extremist in April 1993
Constitutional Agreement
In September 1993 the Transitional Executive Council was set up to ensure a peaceful majority rule
Buthulezei pulled Inkhata out but reentered a day before elections, which were held on 27th April 1994, with the ANC winning 62.5%, the NP 20.5% and Inkhata 10.5%
It offered a centralised state, nine provinces with elected government, a Bill of Rights and guaranteed 5 year power sharing
Mandela's Challenges
SA still faced massive problems, Mandela's publicised support of the white rugby team the Springboks was well publicised