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Negotiation and Compromise - Coggle Diagram
Negotiation and Compromise
NP position
When P.W Botha was incapacitated by a stroke in 1989, De Klerk announced his new course which accepted the end of apartheid but not complete integration
The reasoning behind apartheid had gone, and economic crises were damaging them, as well as fears violence in the townships could spill over into white areas
They had won the 1989 election by a narrow majority and western support had diminished
"New Course" stated they would participate (and legalise) all opposition groups (1990) and abolish the death penalty / censorship acts
ANC Position
With Mandela's release in 1990 there was optimism for a peaceful, lasting settlement
Many felt the exiles had it easy, Mandela's wife Winnie was a militant activist who had a violent reputation
Grass roots problems still participated in violence and exile meant internal organisation was failing
Joe Slovo was accepted as part of the ANC negotiating team, a shrewd move as had the respect of more militant supporters
He also supported the "Sunset Clause" which guaranteed Afrikaners their jobs and pensions (40% worked for the government)
The ANC remained armed and prepped if the negotiations failed, senior leaders such as ANCYL Peter Mokaba disagreeing
Continuing Violence
These measures did little to slow rural violence, over 500 ambushed by rivals on commuter trains 1990-93
Many had given up their education and were hopeless, and distrustful of De Klerk
In March 1990 230 died due to violence between Inkhata and the ANC
Many hard liners joined the Conservative Party to fight politically against the end of apartheid
However many whites joined the AWB which threatened terror and disrupted negotiation meetings
NP Actions
De Klerk's 1990 speech not only promised Mandela's release, but commitment to constitutional change
Removal of the Group Areas Act and Population Registration Act occurred in 1991
CODESA 1 was charged with creating a new constitution, Inkhata, the PAC and Conservatives refused to attend
CODESA 1 achieved a declaration of Intent, promising free and fair elections, ratified by a referendum in which 69% agreed