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Political parties and systems - Coggle Diagram
Political parties and systems
What are political parties?
A group of individuals that have the same ideology that want to same changes and want to rule the government
Key features
Their objective Ex: Democrats favor things like healthcare (ObamaCare)
Methods
Their competitive and coherent nature; like how smaller parties make allies with larger ones so that they can remain competitive
The origin comes from early intra-parliamentary origin and the extra parliamentary origin
Rules and functions
Competing to gain influence
Aggregating and representing social interests
Exert pressure
Provide a structure for political particpation
Providing policy alt.
How do political parties engage with us?
They align with specific ideologies
Appeal to different minorities and religions that are under-repersented
Actively recruit new party members
Regularly meeting and taking with members and voters
Diversity of parties
Can be made up of different minorities groups
Religions
Ideologies
Civil societies
Can play an active role in politics
They focus on fewer issues
Work with a range of parties
Don't seek political office
Parties in Parliament and local bodies
Implement leg. agenda
Address citizens concerns
Party discipline
Committee work
Coalitions
Parties in gov.
Run affairs of country
Develop and implement policy
Oversee gov. agencies
Parties of opposition
Contribute to accountability like checks and balances Ex: Congress controlling funding for the exec party
Types of political parties
Dominant party (Ex: China's party system)
There is one dominant party
There is not a fair chance to win the power is pasted down and the elections are usually rigged (Ex: Afghanistan Non-transferrable voting system)
Not proportional
Two party system
Both have equal chance to win
Two major parties; a unique system
In the US it started with Federalist and Anti-Federalist
Oldest is Democratic in 1820 and Republican in 1850
Divided by major issues like healthcare and immigration
Multiparty system
More than two patries
Coalition gov is more common
Lot of places in Europe have this system
Bipolar party system (Ex: Italy)
Two major parties with a lot of coalition with other parties
Electoral systems can determine the type of political party and party discipline
How the development of Africa was changed due to colonialism and that then goes to shape their politics
How the US started with 13 colonies with a shared want for freedom/democracy
Two party electoral system
Single member districts -> results in winner takes all (One person is president)
There are more than two parties where anyone can have a chance to win the presidency but it is very low
Single Non-Transferrable Voting System
Everyone can be a candidate
Like in 2005 in Kabul, Afghanistan where there was 33 seats and 400 candidates competing
Highest vote was 11% and lowest was .5%
Each province has an electoral district with each electing a certain number
No party affiliation was required by the SNTV law