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Dark side of the family - Coggle Diagram
Dark side of the family
Definition
The Home Office (2013) - 'Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those ages 16 or over who are or have been intimidate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality
The Women's Aid Federation (2008) - 'Physical, psychological, sexual or financial violence that takes place within an intimate or family type relationship and forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour. It may involve partners, ex partners, household members or other relations. This includes issues of concern to black and minority ethnic (BME) communities such as so called honour killing'
Statistics
In the year ending March 2021, domestic abuse crimes rose by 6%
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Causes of DV
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Coleman et al
Found that women were more likely than men to have experienced 'intimate violence' across all 4 types of abuse (physical, financial, emotional, sexual)
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Dobash and Dobash
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Women being slapped, raped, killed
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Ansara and Hindin
More women suffered psychological effects, severe violence and control
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Fiona Brookman
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Culture of masculinity values control over others so men resort to violence if they feel they are losing control
Rape in marriage
When someone is forced to have sex against his or her will, often accompanied by the threatened or actual use of violence
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Marital Rape Act (1991) created a criminal offence, however these cases are hard to convict as it is hard to build evidence
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Radical feminists
In their view, the role of patriarchal ideas, cultural values, and institutions explain why most cases of DV are against women
Family and marriage are the key institutions in a patriarchal society and main source of women's oppression
Also believe that DV functions to maintain male power and this explains why police and prosecutors are less likely to intervene
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Millet and Firestone - DV is inevitable in a patriarchal society due to laws, government, police, and marriage, which together leads to rape and DV
Erin Pizzey - men use violence in order to control women and is widely tolerated and often not seen as a serious crime, as women end up being seen as property for men
Ganley and Schechter - violence is used to maintain power in a relationship, and when men lose this power, they exert violence to maintain control
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New Right
Dysfunctional families
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DV takes place in families which are not functioning well, so DV results from instability caused by factors such as cohabitation and divorce, and the decline in moral standards in some families
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Materialist explanation
Wilkinson and Pickett - DV is the result of stress caused by inequality and those on low incomes or in overcrowded houses experience higher levels of stress leading to DV
Evaluation (AO3)
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Victim blaming for lack of money, rather than the perpetrator
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Child abuse
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Victoria Climbe
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Starvation, cigarette burns, beatings with bike chains, hammer blows
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Baby P
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Suffered from many injuries, including a broken back
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Improvements
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In 2007/8 there were over 600,000 cases of DV reported
In 2019/20 there were over 800,000 cases of DV reported
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After child abuse cases (like Victoria Climbe and Baby P), social services, the police, schools, and hospitals work closer together to ensure the safety of children
'Every Child Matters'
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Help to reduce levels of educational failure, ill health, substance misuse, teenage pregnancy, abuse and neglect, crime and anti social behaviour amongst children and young people
Being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution, economic wellbeing
Domestic Abuse Act 2021
Create a statutory definition of domestic abuse, emphasising that domestic abuse is not just physical violence
Can also be emotional, controlling or coercive, and economic abuse