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cardiovascular system Period:3 Zoey Cortez Anatomy - Coggle Diagram
cardiovascular system Period:3 Zoey Cortez Anatomy
Cardiac cycle & the ECG
P-wave: The first wave, corresponds to the depolarization of the atria; this leads to the contraction of the atria
ECG: a recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle
T-Wave: Corresponds to ventricular repolarization and leads to ventricular reculation
QRS Complex: corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles, leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden behind the larger ventricle event
Heart sounds: are due to vibrations in the heart tissue as the values close
major Blood vessels(names of arteries and veins)
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
polmonary veins bring rich oxygenated blood to the heart
Lumen are larger than an artery
Vital signs(BP & Pulse)
Electrocardiogram(ECG) a recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle
P-wave: the first wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of the atria; this leads to the contraction of the atria
QRS Complex: corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles, which leads to contraction of the ventricles; the re-polarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden behind the larger ventricular event
T-Wave: Corresponds to ventricular re-polarization and leads to ventricular relaxation
ABO & Rh blood types
ABO Blood Groups is based on presence or absence of 2 important antigens on RBC memebranes
2 types of membranes: Antigen A and B
Types are A,B,AB,O blood types
In transfusion certain combination must be avoided. antibodies of one type will react with in antigens of the same type
Agglutination: clumping of RBC; occurs when someone given a transfusion that is not comparable
Antibody: a protein produced by the immune system to attack a specific antigen not found on the persons own cell
Antigen: a molecule that evokes an immune response
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Peripheral Artery Disease(PAD): risk factors are smoking, obesity and family history. description: Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to exterminates
Myocardial Infarction( Heart attack): blood flow to part of heart is blocked, risk factors of this are blood clots obesity and smoking.
Cerebrovascular Accident(stroke): this is caused by blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted. risk factors are age, race and diabetes.
Endocarditis and myocarditis: This is caused by inflammation of the heart, risk factors are virus bacterial, fungal infections
Anatomy of the heart
the heart is hallow, cone- shaped muscular pump within the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity
Average heart is 14 cm long and 9 cm wide, it lies between the lungs, anterior to the vertebral Colum, and behind sternum
There is two sides of a heart
base:lies beneath the second rib
apex: extends to the fifth intercostal space
veins transport blood towards the heart and capillaries are vessels that run between the arteries and veins
arteries transport blood away from the heart
Major components & functions of Blood
Blood is a type of connective system with a fluid matrix(plasma)
Blood makes up psrt of the circulatory system
RBC,WBC and Platelets make up the formed elements
structural & functional differences between blood vessel types
Layers of the Heart
myocardium: middle layer; consists of cardiac muscle and is the thickest layer; pumps blood out of the heart chambers
epicardium: visceral pericardium: outter layer;serous membrane made up of connectiv e tissue and epithellium; decreases friction in the heart
endocardium: inner layer =; made up of connect tissue and epihelim continous with endothelium of major vessels joining the heart contains the purkinje fibers
pericardium: a membranous sac that encloses the heart consists of two portions:
portion 2 of the pericardium: the inner more delicate double layered serous pericardium which consists of parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium and pericardial cavity
Portion 2 of the pericardium: the outter tough ct fibers pericarium
visceral pericardium( epicardium) the inner layers of the serous membrane rhat covers the heart
parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the serous membrane which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Pericardial cavity is the space between the visceral and parietal layer which contains serous fluid for reducing friction between the layers
Blood flow through the heart and body
veins move blood too the heart
Arteries: move blood away from the heart
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
functional cardiovascular system is vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them
the cardiovascular system is a closed circuit that consists of supplying of the heart and blood vessels ( arteries, veins and capillaries)
arteries: transport blood away from the heart
capillaries: are vessels that run between arteries and veins
Veins: transport blood towards the heart and