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11.3 Active and passive immunity - Coggle Diagram
11.3 Active and passive immunity
Active
Person makes their own antibodies
Natural active - immunity gained by being infected with a pathogen
Artificial active - immunity gained by putting antigens/pathogen into the body (vaccination)
Permanent
Passive
Person does not make antibodies
Artificial passive - antibodies from a donor injected into a person
Natural passive - antibodies passed from mothers to babies via the placenta or breast milk
Temporary
Vaccines
Herd immunity - vaccinate large proportion of population, and those unvaccinated will likely not catch the pathogen
Ring immunity - vaccinate those in contact with those infected to prevent spreading to rest of population
Monoclonal antibodies
Hybridoma cell - fusion of myeloma (cancer) and plasma cell
Plasma cells do not divide, so this posed a problem in manufacture
Hybridoma cells undergo mitosis and secrete antibodies
Production
Mouse is injected with antigen
Mouse produces plasma cells specific to antigen
Plasma cells are collected from spleen and fused with cancer cells