11.3 Active and passive immunity

Active

Person makes their own antibodies

Natural active - immunity gained by being infected with a pathogen

Artificial active - immunity gained by putting antigens/pathogen into the body (vaccination)

Passive

Person does not make antibodies

Artificial passive - antibodies from a donor injected into a person

Natural passive - antibodies passed from mothers to babies via the placenta or breast milk

Temporary

Permanent

Vaccines

Herd immunity - vaccinate large proportion of population, and those unvaccinated will likely not catch the pathogen

Ring immunity - vaccinate those in contact with those infected to prevent spreading to rest of population

Monoclonal antibodies

Hybridoma cell - fusion of myeloma (cancer) and plasma cell

Plasma cells do not divide, so this posed a problem in manufacture

Hybridoma cells undergo mitosis and secrete antibodies

Production

Mouse is injected with antigen

Mouse produces plasma cells specific to antigen

Plasma cells are collected from spleen and fused with cancer cells