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Court Cases - Coggle Diagram
Court Cases
McCulloch v Maryland
Main issue
Can Congress can establish a national bank? If so, can a state tax the national bank?
Decision
Chief Justice Marshall and the Supreme Court decided that Congress had implied powers that trumped state laws. Therefore, Congress could create a national bank, and Maryland could not tax the national bank.
By article 6 of the Constitution, federal law takes precedence over state law.
Effect
This case established 2 important principles of Constitutional law: implied powers (powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution) and federal supremacy (over state law).
Dred Scott v Sanford
Decision
The Supreme Court decided that Congress cannot ban slavery in free territories. Moreover, Af Ams had no right to sue federal courts because they were considered "property" and not citizens of the US.
Effect
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Divided the North and South sharply over civil rights for African Americans; this case ultimately moved America toward Civil War.
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Gideon v Wainwright
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Effect
This decision showed how influential the Supreme Court is over numerous aspects of the American government/justice system.
This decision set the precedent for the 6th Amendment, which says that a criminal defendant has the right to be defended by a lawyer if they so wish.
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Schenk v US
Decision
The Supreme Court ruled that the Espionage Act did not violate the Constitution because it was intended to protect the US and the war effort.
Effect
Set the precedent that the First Amendment could be limited ONLY if circumstances created a "clear and present danger."
However, widespread backlash concerning this decision ultimately bolstered the First Amendment. People were more conscientious about protecting their First Amendment rights.
Main issue
Schenk violated the Espionage Act of 1917, but appealed his conviction on the grounds that the Act violated the First Amendment and took away his right to freedom of speech and freedom of the press .
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