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Teaching Theories are based on various educational philosophies and…
Teaching Theories
are based on various educational philosophies and psychological principles
Behaviorism
Key Figures: B.F. Skinner, John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov.
Principles: Focus on observable behaviors. Learning is a result of responses to stimuli, and reinforcement shapes behavior.
Late 19th to early 20th century.
Cognitivism
Key Figures: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky.
Principles: Emphasizes mental processes, such as memory, problem-solving, and thinking. Learning involves the acquisition of knowledge and internal mental structures.
Mid-20th century.
Constructivism
Key Figures: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky.
Principles: Learners actively construct their own understanding of the world. Knowledge is built through experiences, reflection, and social interaction.
Late 20th century
Humanism
Key Figures: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow.
Principles: Focus on the individual's self-actualization and personal growth. Emphasizes student-centered approaches, considering learners' needs, interests, and autonomy.
Mid-20th century
Connectivism
Key Figures: George Siemens.
Principles: Learning is distributed across networks. Emphasizes the use of technology and social networks for learning in a rapidly changing, digital age.
Early 21st century
Social Learning Theory:
Key Figures: Albert Bandura.
Principles: Emphasizes the role of social interaction and observation. Learning occurs through modeling and imitating the behaviors of others.
Mid-20th century
Multiple Intelligences
Key Figure: Howard Gardner.
Principles: Rejects the idea of a single intelligence. Identifies multiple intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and more.
1983.
Andragogy (Adult Learning Theory)
Key Figure: Malcolm Knowles.
Principles: Focuses on the unique characteristics of adult learners, emphasizing self-direction, practical relevance, and experience.
1968
Critical Pedagogy
Key Figures: Paulo Freire.
Principles: Emphasizes the development of critical thinking and social consciousness. Encourages learners to question and challenge societal norms.
Late 20th century
10 Experiential Learning:
Key Figure: David Kolb
Principles: Learning is a continuous process involving concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
1984