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Disability - Coggle Diagram
Disability
vary in the severity
be visible or invisible
be congenital or acquired
impact a person's ability to speak, hear, see, talk, act, move, interact, process, learn, & engage (among other things)
IDEA
(Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act)
1971- Alaska state law excluded students with "bodily or mental conditions" from school attendance
1973- Virginia state law excluded children who were "physically or mentally incapacitated" from school
1919- Beattie v Board of Ed of City of Antigo, WI excluded a child with physical disabilities due to his "depressing and nauseating effect upon teachers and children"
Laws dating back to the 1890s in the majority of states excluded children with disabilities in public education until 1975
1893- Watson v City of Cambridge, MA excluded children "weak of mind"
1970- US Department of Education- 1 in 5 children with disabilities had access to public education
Children from age 3-21 regardless of severity of disability are covered
Zero Reject
Nondiscriminatory testing
Free and appropriate education
Least restrictive environment
Due process
Parent participation
Categories
Visual Impairment
- vision issues even with corrective lenses that make reading and usage of technology difficult
Emotional Disturbance
-unable to learn due to continuous behavioral problems, students could be bipolar, depressed, anxious, or psychological problems
Hearing Impairment
- impairment that can be permanent or fluctuating, can present issues in vocabulary, grammar, listening, may need voice articulation or sign language assistance
Intellectual Disability
- Significantly below average intelligence, need concrete examples
Deafness
- inability to comprehend verbal language due to lack of hearing, provide class note taker and text to speech assistance
Orthopedic Impairment
- severe impairment of the bones or muscles, classroom should be carefully arranged to accommodate.
Deaf-Blindness
-both hearing and visual disabilities, use large print textbooks, braille, and sign language
Other Health Impairment
- range of conditions such as limited strength, vitality, or alertness
Autism Spectrum Disorder
- developmental disability that significantly affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction. Utilize routines and structure.
Specific Learning Disability
- a disorder in basic psychological processes and imperfect ability to think, speak read, write, & math, use the IEP to identify the best accommodations
Traumatic Brain Injury
- acquired injury caused by external physical force resulting in total or partial functional disability, memory and concentration problems, may need extra time and modified work
Speech or Language Impairment
- communication disorders such as stuttering, impaired articulation, voice impairment
Multiple Disabilities
- simultaneous impairments that cause issues in multiple areas
Developmental Delay
- children age 3-9 with delays in physical, cognitive, social, emotional or adaptive development, early intervention services should be given
Special Education
Every person is FIRST and FOREMOST a general education student
"mainstreaming" is not really inclusion- children with disabilities should remain with others that are not disabled to the maximum extent appropriate
a service not a place
Documentation is required
IEP
Processes and Procedures that need to be followed to be compliant with the law
Substantive Requirements specifically designed for the individual
Plans include: learning goals tracked annually, how the child is doing, services that the child will receive including special education, time and frequency of services, list of accommodations/modifications provided, how the child is included in the general education class and school activities
Created by the child's parents/caregiver, at least one of the child's general education teachers, at least one special education teacher, school psychologist or equivalent that can interpret results, district representative
Least restrictive to the most restrictive environment: General Education classroom>Special Education Classroom>Special School>Homebound>Hospital or Residential Facility
504
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973- Federal civil rights law to stop discrimination against those with disabilities
Plans include: specific accommodations, supports, or services for the child; names of who will provide each service, name of the person responsible for making sure the plan is implemented
Reevaluation varies by state
Created by a team familiar with the child that understands the data and special service options, may include parent/caregiver, general education/special education teachers, school principal