Authors: Approaches to Langugae Teaching
Direct Method:
Grammar-Translation Approach:
Audio-Lingual Method
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)
Total Physical Response (TPR)
The Silent Way
Natural Approach
Lexical Approach
Situational Language Teaching
Promoted by Maximilian Berlitz in the late 19th century.
Rooted in historical language teaching methods and associated with scholars like Johann Pestalozzi
Influenced by behaviorist psychology and associated with Charles Fries, Leonard Bloomfield, and others.
Evolved over time with contributions from various scholars, including Stephen Krashen, Wilga Rivers, and others.
Developed by N. Prabhu and later refined by researchers like Willis and Willis.
Introduced by James Asher.
Developed by Caleb Gattegno.
Developed by Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell.
Associated with Michael Lewis.
Based on the work of British applied linguists like A.S. Hornby.
Predominant in the 18th and 19th , influenced in 20th century
1950s to 1960s.
Evolved in the 1970s and became more widespread in the 1980s.
Developed in the 1980s.
Introduced in the 1960s.
Developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Developed in the late 1970s.
Gained prominence in the 1990s
Emerged in the 1950s.