Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 1: Explore the Network (Topic 1.3: Interpret Reference model of…
Chapter 1: Explore the Network (Topic 1.3: Interpret Reference model of OSI and TCP/IP)
Types of rules that are necessary to successfully communicate
Main elements of data communication systems
Message
This refers to the content intended for communication, which can take various forms such as text, images, audio, video, and more.
Receiver
This is the device that accepts data messages, which could include a computer, workstation, telephone handset, and so forth.
Transmission Medium
This denotes the tangible route through which a message moves from sender to receiver. Various examples include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, radio waves, and similar mediums.
Sender
This is the apparatus responsible for transmitting data messages. It could be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, or similar device.
Protocol
A protocol is a framework of regulations that oversees data communications, essentially forming an agreement between communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices might be linked but unable to effectively communicate.
Rule Enstablishment
Message Encoding
Encoding between hosts must be in
appropriate format for the medium.
Message Formatting and Encapsulation
There is an agreed format for letters and addressing letters which is required for proper delivery.
Message Size
Humans break long messages into smaller parts or sentences.
Message Timing
Flow Control
Source and destination hosts use flow control to agree on the right timing for sending data.
Response Timeout
Hosts on the network follow rules about how long to wait for responses and what to do if they don't receive one within that time.
Access Method
Hosts on a network
Message Delivery Options
Refer to the various methods or mechanisms available for ensuring that a message reaches its intended recipient
Communications methods
Source (Sender)
Communicate a message to other individuals
or devices
Destination (Receiver)
Receives the message
and interprets it
Channel (Media)
The message
can travel from source to destination
1.3.2 Why protocols are necessary in network communication
Rules that Govern Communications
Protocol suites are implanted by hosts and networking devices in software, hardware or both
The protocol are viewed in terms of layers, with each higher level service depending on the functionality defined by the protocols shown in the lower levels.
Among the protocols for successful human communication are:
Identification of sender and receiver
Agreed-upon medium or channel (face-to-face, telephone, letter, photograph)
Appropriate communication mode (spoken, written, illustrated, interactive or one-way)
Common language
Grammar and sentence structure
Speed and timing of delivery
Protocols
Network Protocols
Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices
Some common networking protocols and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Internet Protocol (IP)
The role of protocols
How the message is formatted or structured
The process by which networking devices share information about pathways with other networks
How and when error and system messages are passed between devices
The setup and termination of data transfer sessions
Protocol Interaction
Communication between a web server and web client is an example of an interaction between several protocols:
HTTP - an application protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact.
TCP - transport protocol that manages the individual conversations.
IP – encapsulates the TCP segments into packets, assigns addresses, and delivers to the destination host.
Ethernet - allows communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media.
Protocol Suites and Industry Standards
A protocol suite is a set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services.
The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard, the protocols are freely available, and any vendor is able to implement these protocols on their hardware or in their software.
Development of TCP/IP
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the predecessor to today’s Internet.
TCP/IP Communication Process
When sending data from a web server to a client the encapsulation procedure would be as follows:
The webserver prepares the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) page. The HTTP application layer protocol sends the data to the transport layer.
1 more item...
SUBTOPIC 1,3,3
How the TCP/IP model an the OSI model are used to facilitate standardization in the communication process
The Benefits of Using a Layered Model
1.Assisting in protocols at each layer have defined functions
Fostering competition because products from different can work together
preventing technology changes in one layer from affecting other layer
providing a common language to describe networking functions an capability
OSI REFERENCE MODEL
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
SESSION
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
OSI MODEL / TCP/IP MODEL COMPARISON
TCP/IP MODEL
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
PRESENTATION
SESSION
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
INTERNET
NETWORK ACCESS
DATA LINK
PHYSICAL
SIMILARITIES
SHARE SIMILIAR ARCHITERATURE
COMMON APPLICATION LAYER
COMPARABLE TRANSPORT AND NETWORK LAYER
KNOWLEDGE OF BOTH IS REQUIRED
DIFFERENCES
PROTOCAL STANDARD
COMBINE PRESENTATION AND SESSION LAYER ISSUES INTO APPLICATION LAYER
COMBINES OSI DATA LINK AND PHYSICAL LAYERS INTO THE NETWORK ACCESS LAYER
SIMPLER MODEL