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Unit 5 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5
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Each nucleotide has a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. It makes up strands of DNA and RNA.
DNA: a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
Its nucleotides have a deoxyribose sugar in their nucleotides. Their nitrogenous bases could be thymine(T), adenine(A), guanine(G), or cytosine(C).
a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
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RNA: Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
Its nucleotides have a ribose sugar in their nucleotides. Their nitrogenous bases could be uracil(U), adenine(A), guanine(G), and cytosine(C).
Types of RNA
• mRNA - Messenger RNA: the instructions for making a protein are encoded within its sequence of nucleotides.
• tRNA - Transfer RNA: attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation.
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Translation:
The process by which tRNA is attached to mRNA in the ribosome and amino acids are linked together.
Rules
Pairing Rules:
Uracil and thymine must pair with adenine. Guanine must pair with cytosine. Pyrimidines must pair with purines and vice versa. If an error occurs the DNA polymerase will fix it.
Chagraff’s Rule:
DNA in any and all organisms’ cells should have a 1:1 ratio (base pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases, and more specifically, the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine or uracil.