UNIT 6
Conception to Birth
Infant Development
Child Cognitive Development
Social Development
Adolescence-Period following the onset of puberty where one develops from a child to an adult
Sexual Development
Adulthood
Conception
Zygote- Fertilized Egg with diploid chromosomes which are contributed by the mother/father
Embryo- Prenatal Stage from 2 weeks to 2 months
Fetus- Unborn or unhatched organisms 2 months-Birth
Developmental psych- Study of how human beings grow and change all throughout their lives
Teratogen- Substance that interferes with normal fetal development and causes congenital disabilities
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- Wide range of behaviour, physical and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcoholism before birth
Stimulus
Habituation-Decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations
Preoperational stage- Usually the stage from toddler to age 7 where children assign spiritual or symbolic meanings to things
Maturation-Process where behaviour is modified as a result of growth and physical structure
Assimilation- The cognitive process of fitting in new information with old information and understanding
Sensorimotor stage-A stage from birth through age 2 where a child is using the skills and abilities they were born with in order to learn about their enviroment
Object Permanence- when you see an object suddenly disappear,but you know it's still there.
Conservation- Study between human relationships and those in nature
Egocentrism- Excessive interest in oneself with a disregard for others
Theory of Mind- Ability to attribute oneself and others mental beliefs and understand it.
Cognitive Development-How children think, interact and problem solve with the world around them
Schema-Patterns of thinking and behaviour that people use to interpret the world
Accommodation- A term to describe what occurs when new information causes you to modify existing schemas
Concrete Operational Stage- Mastering of logic in a way that is tangible
Formal operational stage- Stage beginning around age 11-12 which is the emergence of logical thinking process and predicting possible outcomes
Stranger Anxiety- Crying or unsettlement of a child when that child sees the unfamiliar such as a stranger, begins around 8-9
Attachment-Deep emotional bond between people, connecting them.
Critical Period- A crucial period of learning and development for a child
Any kind of Phase sensitive learning that's rapid and independent of the behavioural consequences
Temperament- Personality concerned with mental dispositions, reactions, speed, and intensity
Prenatal Development-Fertilization to birth
Newborn- The product after the birthing process
Testosterone- Male sex hormone that's the most potent of the androgens produced by testes
Basic trust- Child's expectation that their needs will be met by a caregiver, and the world is a safe place
Sexuality
Self concept- How one views themselves based on their own beliefs and how others view them
Gender-A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT! How one identifies with one self and how they see themselves and present.
Aggression- How hostile one is
Gender Role: An assignment of how one is supposed to act and dress based on societal standards and popularized media
Role-How one is supposed to behave and look
Gender identity- How one views themselves on the terms of gender.
Social learning theory- how people learn through observation, imitation and modeling
Gender typing- Process in which a child become aware of their gender and behaves accordingly
Transgender-When one's gender does not fit their assigned one at birth
Identity- Qualities or traits that make one unique
Social identity- the ways that people's self-concepts are based on their relationships in social groups
Intimacy-quality of how deep and meaningful a relationship is
Emerging Adulthood- The period from late teens to mid twenties
X chromosomes- The sex chromosome responsible for the femaleness of an organism
Y chromosomes-The sex chromosome responsible for the maleness of an organism
Puberty- Period of sexual Maturity
Primary sex characteristics- Body structures that are required for producing
Secondary sex characteristics-Body structures that aren't required for producing
Menarche-First occurrence of menstruation
AIDS-late stage of HIV infection where the immune system can't fight it because of the damage overcome by the disease
Sexual Orientation- A person's sexual/romantic/emotional preferences
Menopause- The end of one's menstrual cycle
Cross sectional study- Observational studies that analyse data from a population in a single point in time
Longitudinal study- Employ continuous measures to follow particular individuals over a long period of time
Social clock-The shared expectations of age appropriate behaviour
Brain- How it develops and changes over the time through and after development
Motor Abilities- Fine motor abilities and gross motor abilities that a child uses to discover the world around them, Boys use more gross, girls use more fine
Memory- How one's memory can change over time such as older people having better memory with their younger memories than recent ones
Piaget's theory- How children's intelligence changes over time
Scaffolding- The need to offer instruction above a child's current ability level
Authoritarian- Impose obedience rather than questions
Permissive-Submits to the child's needs
Authoritative- Have rules but explain reasons and encourage discussion
Role of culture- How culture makes one develop a bit differently and changes their beliefs
Roles of parents, peers, and experiences- These things are supposed to help development, attachment and can change one's behaviour