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DNA holds the genes for life - Coggle Diagram
DNA holds the genes for life
mutation
deletion and insertion are frameshift mutations, which change the function of the protein
there are silent mutations which don't change the protein function
frameshift mutation can be seen in gel electrophoresis
transcription
Transcription uses RNA polymerease to create mRNA by it splitting DNA and adding on the complimentary bases.
the thymine in DNA is turned into uracil during transcription.
Transcritption takes place in the nucleus
DNA vs RNA
DNA is anti-parallel with 2 strands while RNA has only 1 strand.
DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose
DNA contains thymine while RNA has uracil instead
DNA contains the genetic information
RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to create proteins
DNA has to stay in the nucleus while RNA s able to travel through the cytoplasm.
Uracil and guanine have 3 hydrogen bonds that connect them, while adenine and thymine only have two. Also, adenine and guanine have 2 rings, purine, while cytosine and thymine have 1.
translation
takes place in cytoplasm
translation uses mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
mRNA carries the message from DNA to make protein
tRNA carries the amino acids to connect to the codon on mRNA
rRNA is a ribosome that connects the tRNA and mRNA
the anticodon on the tRNA is complimentary to the codon on mRNA
there are 3 nitrogenous bases in a codon, and 1 codon creates 1 amino acid
the start codon is AUG