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Biome of the World - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The dominant species are larch, spruce, pine and fir trees. It is a vegetation of evergreen conifers that provide very little organic matter to the soil, and very dense, so that the sun's rays have difficulty reaching the understory.
      - The taiga is dominated by conifers and Picea marianas that exceed 40 m, with pyramidal crown and evergreen, highlighting larches, firs, spruces and pines. The Gmelin larch tolerates the coldest winters in the north. The taiga is the least biodiverse forest, with an open canopy and a predominance of lichens in its understorey. The southern taiga is a mixed forest that alternates conifers with deciduous trees such as maple, elm and oak, has a closed canopy, the ground is covered with mosses and in the clearings there are shrubs, flowers and various herbs.
- - - - The animals of the temperate forest are not very visible: some because of their nocturnal habits, others because they live among the grasses. There is a great variety of worms, insects, lizards and snakes that roam the ground, leaf litter and wood. Because of their colors and habits, a large number of birds also go unnoticed.
        
        The climate is mainly humid. It has warm summers and cold winters, with average annual precipitation between 500 mm1 and 2000 mm, and temperatures that can vary between -30 °C to 30 °C2 with an average of 10 °C.3.
        
        These forests are composed mainly of deciduous trees, which have deciduous leaves very different from evergreens, deciduous leaves that discard their leaves each fall and develop a new addition each spring; therefore, seasonal changes in the appearance of these forests are very marked.
- - - - The flora of the desert climate is scarce, low and scattered. It leaves extensive uncovered surfaces, which are occupied by sand, stones or rocks. The steppes are low grasses and shrubs isolated in the deserts, thorny plants, such as cacti and bushes.
        
        The fauna of the deserts is scarce and not very varied, such as snakes and lizards; insects, such as beetles and ants of the genus Cataglyphis; arachnids, such as scorpions; carrion birds, vultures, and mammals, such as mice, foxes, dromedaries, jackals and camels.
      - Semi-arid or steppe zones: these have an average annual rainfall of 250 to 500 mm. They are usually located on the edges of deserts and cover about 15% of the planet's land surface.
      - Arid zones: With annual precipitations of 25 to 250 mm, covering 16 % of the terrestrial surface.
      - Hyper-arid zones: These are so dry that sometimes it does not rain for years. These cover 4 % of the earth's surface, (especially in the Atacama Desert and Antarctic Desert). Their daily thermal oscillation can exceed 20 degrees Celsius.