costal protection
hard engineering
soft engineering
these are methods human use to prevent or slow down erosion
rock armour
groynes
gabions
sea wall
A wall that reflects waves preventing erosion and flooding. They can be expensive
Rock filled cages. A wall of gabions is normally built at the foot of a cliff. Gabions abosrb energy and reduce erosion.
Boulders piled up high along the coast are called rip rap. The boulder absorbs wave energy and reduces erosion.
Groynes are fences built at right angles to the coast. They trap beach material transported by long shore drift . It gives protection from flooding and erosion.
managed retreat
dune regeneration
beach nourishment
dune fencing
sand and shingle is added to the beach to create wider beaches. it doesn't stop erosion but it protects the land behind.
SAnd dunes are good buffers to the sea and can stop erosion but they can be easely damaged so regeneration of the dunes is a common implementation to protect the costal feature
It involves letting some areas flood to become salt marshes. Salt marshes are effective barriers that can protect the coast
It involves positioning beaches to encourage new dunes to form and protect existing dunes.
Hard engineering is a coastal management technique used to protect coasts,by absorbing the energy of waves, preventing erosion and flooding. They are highly visible man-made structures used to stop or disrupt natural processes.
Costal flooding
costal flooding
costal flooding results form
storm surges
storm tides
tsunamis
a rapid rise in sea level caused by really low-pressure storms
occur when there is a combination of high tide and low-pressure storm
large waves resulting from underwater earthquakes
sea level rise
caused by global warming
Prediction
early warning systems are used to warn communities befor a flood
methods to forecast floods
records of past events
helps to identify the areas which are at a highes risk
modern technologies
GIS, satellite and computer monitoring, weather stations
will help the community identify when an event is going to ocur
It will forecast the potential strength and scale ofthe flooding
This willl alow the government to easely asses what damages the flood will do
Prevention
Prevention is about taking action that reduces or removes the risk of coastal flooding
Examples
emergy centers
early warning systems
education
planning
Flood defences
These are built along high-risk stretches of coast
Allows for preparation or evacuation of an area
warn people about the dangers and what they need to do in case of a flood
develop high reisk areas
designing buildings which can resist floods
buffer zones
areas that can be flooded befor reaching settlements
advantages
disadvantages
Most effective at preventing both erosion and flooding
restricts acces to the beach
can be damaged if the material is not maintained
expensive to build and maintain
not pleasent to look at
advantages
disadvantages
Creates wider beaches
relatively cheap
Slows down beach erosion
starves oter beaches of sand
wood groins need to be maintained
stops materials from moving down the coast which might have been protecting another cliff
disadvanteages
advantages
absorvs the energy from the wave very efficiently
cheap
heavy and expensive to transport
boulders can be easely eroded
advantages
disadvantages
cages absorb wave energy
Can be stacked at the base of a sea wall or cliffs
cheap form of costal defence
cages can be easely broken down
not as efficient as other costal defence
disadvantages
advantages
widens beach front
beaches absorb wave energy
Can impact sediment transportation down the coast
has to be done several time which is expensive
disadvantages
advantages
cheap
Hard to protect larger areas of coastline cliffs
cliff regrading
The angle of a cliff is reduced to reduce mass movement
disadvantages
Advantages
can slow down wave cut notching at the cliff
prevents sudden lost of land
does not stop cliff erosion
advantages
no expenive construction
create snew habitats like salt marshes
disadvantages
The cost of relocation can be expensive
Compensation to people and businesses may not be paid
Disruptive to people where land and homes are lost