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waves and the coast, remove sediment from the beach. They have a short…

- - - - types of costal erosion
        
        hydrolic action ( wave hit wall)
        
        the sheer power of the waves repeatedly forcing water and air bubbles into cracks in the rock
        
        attrition (rock hit rock)
        
        when the sand particles and stones hit against each other and are broken into smaller particles
        
        Does not shape the coastline, it only changes the shape of the rocks
        
        abrasion(Rock scratch rock)
        
        when the stones in breaking waves wear against rocks
        
        solution (dissolve rock)
        
        when the salt and chemicals in the seawater dissolve away the rocks that the shoreline is made up of
    - - eriosion is affected by 3 things
        
        material
        
        The type and mount of material affects the rate of erosion
        
        More erosion happens when
        
        large amounts of material increase abrasion
        
        less resistance rocks (soft rock) erode more easily
        
        Less erosion happens
        
        Large beaches absorb wave energy, reducing erosion
        
        More resistant rocks erode more slowly
        
        If more material goes into the wave the system deposits more material, leading to larger beaches
        
        Shore geometry
        
        Steeper gradients lead to destructive waves
        
        destructive waves cause more erosion
        
        shallow gradients lead to constructiv waves
        
        Constructive deposit more material
        
        energy
        
        More energy in the wave means more material will get eroded
        
        More energy is available when
        
        destructive waves
        
        waves break onshore
        
        steep gradients
        
        strong tidal currents
        
        rip currents
        
        Narrow fast moving currents
        
        more wind
        
        more fetch
  - - - physical
        
        onion skin weathering
        
        when a rock repeatedly gets heated and cooled causing it to break down
        
        freeze thaw weathering
        
        happens when rainfall gets acumulated inside rock cracks, this water then freezes and makes the crack expand. This repeated process will cause the rock to break down.
      - biological
        
        weathering that is caused by plants or animals, for example a seed falling into a crack expanding the crack as the plant grows
      - chemical
        
        physical and biological weathering are types of mechanical weathering
        
        a chemical reaction that changes the nature of the rock causing it to break down
  - - - landslide
        
        the downslope movement of discrete blocks of rock down a flat/linear slip plane, maintaining contact with the cliff surface throughout
      - mudslide
        
        occur when saturated soil and weak rock flow down a slope.
      - rock fall
        
        a rock fall involves fragments of rock breaking away from the cliff face, often due to freeze-thaw weathering
      - slumping
        
        Slumping is a rapid movement of a mass of earth or rock sliding along a concave surface.
  - - - light material is held by water, transporting it
    - - Dissolved material carried in water
    - - small material bounces along the sea
    - - large heavy material dragged along the coast
    - - Longshore drift
      - Constructive waves
      - Eroded cliffs
      - RIvers discharge
    - - Main process of deposition and transportation in the coast
      - Process
        
        the prevailing wind pushes the waves at an angle
        
        The waves break and the swash carries the material up the beach
        
        The backwash carries the sediment back to the sea at a 90º angle
        
        The process repeats, resulting in the sediment moving with a zigzag motion
    - - increased friction between water and seabed
      - large amounts of sediment is being carried by the water
      - wave energy decreases
      - the water encounters an obstacle which means the wave breaks, depositing the sediment it is carring
  - - - This happens because there is a decrease in energy so sediment can't be carried by the waves
    - - When a line of waves changes shape due to the change of the shaoe of the coast
      - Happens comonly in headlands and bays
        
        In bays
        
        There is more friction and the wave diverges
        
        In headlnads
        
        The energy converges on headlands to have more energy
- - - - the transition zonebetween the land and the sea
    - - a long body of water curling into an arched form and breaking on the shore. They erode, transport and deposit materials
      - waves are created by winds, the wind makes friction with the sea creating a wave, this is why the power of the wave is the power of the wind, it as well depends on the length and time it has been affected by the wind, this factors are called fetch
  - - - settlement, development
    - - water depth, ecosystem
    - - wind strendth, rainfall
    - - ecosystem, river sediment
  - - - the distance between 2 successive waves
    - - distance between the through and the crest
    - - number of waves per minute
    - - the speed of the traveling wave
    - - the amount of water over which a wave has passed
    - - the movement of water up the beach
    - - the movement of water down the beach
    - - highest point of the wave
    - - lowest point of the wave
    - - a wind from the direction that is predominant or most usual at a particular place or season.
  - - - transport
      - deposit
      - erode
    - - strength of wind
      - amount of time with wind
      - fetch
    - - wave aporaches the coast and enters shallow water
        
        friction with the sea bed makes the wave lean forward
        
        The wave crests and break onto the beach
    - - wave looses energy
      - little/ no wind
      - shallow waters
- - - - Carries little material
    - - Removes a lot of sediment
  - - - carries a lot f sediment
    - - removes very little material