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5.1.5 Plant and animal responses - Coggle Diagram
5.1.5 Plant and animal responses
types of plant responses to
herbivory
physical defences
chemical defences
1.
2.
3.
pheromones
folding in response to touch (nastic responses)
what is herbivory?
the roles of plant hormones
auxins
gibberellin
ethene
ABA (abscisic acid)
how do plant hormones work?
role of
auxins
(eg IAA)
in the control of
apical dominance
what is apical dominance?
use the diagram to explain the experimental evidence for the role of auxins
how do auxins control growth of the
main, apical shoot
?
how do auxins control growth of the
root
?
where are auxins made?
what is
synergism
?
what is
antagonism
?
role of
gibberellin
in the control of
stem elongation
how and where do gibberellins act to cause stem elongation?
in the control of
seed germination
describe the stages of seed germination
what is the experimental evidence to support the involvement of gibberellin?
practical investigations into the effect of plant
hormones on growth
phototropisms
draw a diagram and explain the phototrophic effect of auxins on shoots
explain each experiment in terms of auxins
Shoot tip covered with
lightproof cap
Impermeable sheet inserted on shaded side
Shoot tip removed and replaced on top of a permeable agar block
geotropisms
draw a diagram and explain the phototrophic effect of auxins on roots
draw out how to use
serial dilution
to make a 0.001% plant hormone solution from a starting concentration of 1%
the commercial use of plant hormones
control ripening
rooting powders
hormonal weed
killers
the organisation of the mammalian nervous
system
structural
organisation
draw a diagram, with
descriptions of their role
s, to show the structural organisation of the nervous system into the
central
and
peripheral
systems
describe the
functional
organisation of the mammalian nervous system
somatic
nervous system
sympathetic
motor
system
parasympathetic motor
system
autonomic
nervous system
the structure of the human brain and the
functions of its parts
label each part of the brain
and describe
the function of each part
reflex actions
pathway of the neurones involved in the
reflex arc
describe the
knee-jerk
reflex
describe the
blink
reflex
explain
the survival importance of reflexes
the ‘
fight or flight
’ response to
environmental stimuli in mammals
explain
the physiological effects of the 'fight or flight' response
increased heart rate
arterioles to digestive system are constricted
arterioles to liver and muscles are dilated
blood glucose levels rise
metabolic rate increases
ventilation rate and depth increase
hair erector pili muscles contract
endorphins are released in brain
sweat production increases
defecation and urination may occur
pupils dilate
draw a diagram and explain the
action
of adrenaline as a peptide hormone
draw a diagram to summarise the
coordination
of the 'fight or flight' response
the effects of hormones and nervous
mechanisms on heart rate
nervous
control
how is the heart rate controlled by the nervous system?
draw a flow chart to summarise the involvement of
chemoreceptors
in the response to exercise on cardiac output
how are
baroreceptors
involved in the response to changes in blood pressure?
practical example: pulse rate measurements before, during and after exercise
how would you calculate the standard deviation of your results?
which statistical test would you use to compare two mean values?
how are
hormones
involved in controlling heart rate?
the structure of mammalian muscle and the
mechanism of muscular contraction
types and functions of muscles
skeletal
structure
histology
cardiac
smooth
how muscular contraction occurs
describe the sliding filament model
neuromuscular junctions
energy supply during muscle contraction
types of plant responses to
abiotic stress
what is abiotic stress?
hours of darkness (seasonal)
breaking dormancy
abscission (leaf fall)
preventing freezing
stomatal control (water availability)
