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Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal volume
(TV) 500 mL Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a respiratory cycle
Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV) 3,000 mL Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting
inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV) 1,100 mL Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled at the end of a resting
expiration
Residual volume
(RV) 1,200 mL Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal
expiration
Vital capacity
(VC) 4,600 mL Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the
deepest breath possible: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Inspiratory capacity
(IC) 3,500 mL Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation
of resting tidal volume: IC = TV + IRV
Functional residual capacity
(FRC) 2,300 mL Volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of
resting tidal volume: FRC = ERV + RV
Total lung capacity
(TLC) 5,800 mL Total volume of air that the lungs can hold: TLC = VC + RV
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pnumonia
: Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer
: Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumor in lungs
Tuberculosis
: Bacterial infection in the respiretory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Seasonal Flu
: A viral infection; many variations that change rapidly year to year worsening the symptoms
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder)
: Includes chroric bronchitis
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
INSPIRATION:
Air moves from higher to lower pressure, Atomspheric pressure occurs (Pressure exerted by the air on all objects in contact with it; force that moves air into the lungs
EXPIRATION:
Results from the passive process of elastic recoil of the muscles and lung tissues, & from the surface tension within the alveoli, as lungs recoil the pleura and chest wall are pulled inward.
Comparisons:
Both occur in the Lungs in someform, both are involved in the
Respiratory cycle
(One inspiration followed by Expiration)
Major functions of the respiratory system
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere, and removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
Consists of tubes that filter, warm, and moisturize incoming air, and transport it into the gas exchange areas, and microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
Other functions of the respiratory system: removes particles from incoming air, regulates temperature and water content of the air, provides vocal sounds, regulates blood pH, and helps in sense of smell
Layers of the pleurae
Parietal Pleura:
Outter layer; lines thoratic cavity
Serous fluid:
Lubricates pleural cavity between 2 layers
Visceral Pleura:
Inner layer; attached to surface of each lung
Internal vs. external respiration
EXTERNAL:
The gas exchange between lungs and blood
INTERNAL:
Gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes air pressure inside the lungs to decrease (an inverse relationship)