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How did Italy achieve the unification? By: Sara Sastoque 8C - Coggle…
How did Italy achieve the unification?
By: Sara Sastoque 8C
Causes
Nationalism: Desire for a unified Italian nation with shared language, culture, and history.
Discontent with Foreign Rule: Opposition to Austrian dominance and fragmented political map.
Liberal Ideals: Inspiration from French Revolution and American Revolution's ideas of liberty and self-determination.
Challenges & Consequences
Integration and Consolidation: Building a cohesive nation with diverse regional identities and political views.
Economic and Social Development: Addressing poverty, illiteracy, and regional disparities.
Legacy: Unification laid the foundation for modern Italy, but also left issues like the "Southern Question" unresolved.
Conflicts & Events
Revolutions of 1848: Uprisings across Italy, ultimately unsuccessful but sparked nationalist fervor.
First War of Independence (1859): Piedmont-France alliance defeats Austria, gaining Lombardy.
Garibaldi's Expedition (1860): Conquest of Kingdom of Two Sicilies in southern Italy.
Unification of Most of Italy (1861): Kingdom of Italy declared with Victor Emmanuel II as king.
Third War of Independence (1866): Prussia defeats Austria, leading to Venetian annexation.
Capture of Rome (1870): Papal States annexed, completing unification and making Rome the capital.
Important characters:
Giuseppe Mazzini: Revolutionary leader advocating for a republican Italy through Young Italy movement.
Camillo di Cavour: Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, used diplomacy and strategic alliances to expand territory.
Giuseppe Garibaldi: Military leader and "Red Shirts" volunteers, conquering southern Italy.
King Victor Emmanuel II: Monarch of Sardinia-Piedmont, becoming the first king of unified Italy.
Key events
Revolutions of 1848
Unsuccessful uprisings across Italy, but sparked national consciousness.
Emergence of key figures: Giuseppe Mazzini (republican), Camillo Benso di Cavour (monarchist).
Cavour's Approach
Modernization of Sardinia-Piedmont's economy and military.
Strategic alliances with France and Britain against Austria.
First War of Independence (1859): Victory over Austria with French aid, uniting northern Italy.
Garibaldi's "Red Shirts"
Unification of southern Italy through popular uprisings (1860-1861).
Giuseppe Garibaldi's charismatic leadership and guerilla tactics.
Final Steps
Capture of Rome and Papal States in 1870, completing unification.
Victor Emmanuel II becomes King of Italy in 1861, establishing a constitutional monarchy.
Annexation of Venetia from Austria after the Third War of Independence (1866).
Sources
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/history/european-history/unification-of-italy/#:~:text=What%20caused%20the%20Italian%20unification,being%20ruled%20by%20foreign%20monarchs
.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giuseppe-Garibaldi
